The cause and effect of migration free essay sample

The cause and effect of migration Every year, large numbers of people migrate from one country to another for various reasons. Many of them are willing to abandon their careers and homes in own countries and start a totally different life in a new place. However, the great flow of immigration has brought some effects to both the sending country and host country.This essay will briefly review the cause of human migration and some effects on the different types of countries. There are many reasons to explain the migration phenomenon. Taken together, most of them can be divided into two partspull factors and push factors.ï ¼Ë†from Natasha C. Parkins) The pull factors are aspects that attract people to a new country.For example, the change of concepts makes people realize the real importance of life.Many people shift their sight from making money to getting a healthy and free life. We will write a custom essay sample on The cause and effect of migration or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Most wealthy people from some developing countries start to seek for a new society with fresh air, beautiful scenery and peaceful atmosphere. That is to say, excellent surroundings, as a pull factor, plays a vital role in the reason for migration. In addition,well-paid job opportunities are also attracting those people who are eager for creating a fulfilling life to their families. The push factors are conditions that drive people away from their countries. For instance, some countries focus too much on the development of industry and economic which made the environment become seriously polluted. This factor has pushed the native who has the ability to emigrant to a clean country for the consideration of health. The reasons of migration can be understood by all of us. However, it has caused some effects to both sending country and host country. The results of immigration can be divided as following. Immigration depletes a country`s intellectual capital and energy. As we know, most immigrants are the well-educated group in their countries. However, they bring their knowledge and wealth to another country which exactly undermines their own countries` benefit. For example, some intellectual scientists in China migrated to the United States for further study. As their new  identities-American citizens, they got the Nobel Prize for the US after hard working. As a matter of fact, the outflow of talent made China have nobody to win the Nobel Prize in the science field even though some foreign citizens of Chinese origin had won it. The migration has also brought large amounts of influence to the host country. Firstly, the excessive labor force made the competition of jobs become more fierce. Secondly,the security of the host country faces an acid test because of the superabundant immigration. Last but not the least, the burden of government in the host country has increased rapidly. To sum up, the effects of migration mainly include pull factors and push factors. The major pull factors are the opportunities of seeking jobs and the wonderful pursuits of human beings who want to lead a fulfilling life. The primary push factors are the poor conditions of the environment and some limited policies of their own countries. Furthermore, migration also brings some effects to the both types of countries. It made the sending country lack labor force and intellectual talents and it also made the host country rise in population which even threatens the national security.

Carry out a research exercise to find the legislative Essays

Carry out a research exercise to find the legislative Essays Carry out a research exercise to find the legislative Essay Carry out a research exercise to find the legislative Essay 102236 Carry out a research exercising to happen the legislative programme which the UK authorities set out in the Queen s Speech on May 17th 2005 and compose a study placing an country of jurisprudence of relevancy to concerns which may be capable to change if the proposed programme goes through and briefly explain the procedure by which the proposed alteration would be enacted. â€Å"Company jurisprudence will be reformed to promote greater degrees of investing and enterprise.†[ 1 ] One of the cardinal countries that is proposed in mention to company jurisprudence is altering the function of the stockholder in companies. A cardinal portion that this measure will cover with is the director’s responsibilities where the whitepaper proposes that director’s responsibilities which are now at the common jurisprudence degree be put into a stutory frame work: â€Å"The statutory statement of responsibilities will replace bing common jurisprudence and just regulations. The responsibilities owed to the company, and – as now – merely the company will implement them. ( In certain fortunes, the stockholders may be able to convey a derivative action, albeit basically for the company’s benefit ) † .[ 2 ] The logical thinking for this statutory model is to cover with protecting stockholders from managers indirectly in regard to current instance jurisprudence. In order to analyze this the current state of affairs in regard to the fiducial responsibilities of managers will be discussed and how in any manner the current jurisprudence wll be changed, or if this statutory alteration will merely re-inforce modern motions and protection of single portion holders. Director’s Duties, Company Law A ; Shareholders – The Current Law: The general responsibility that the manager holds is to the company, which has been established through the jurisprudence of equity, which will be farther discussed in the following subdivision. [ 3 ] In relation to contracts that personally benefit the manager under contract jurisprudence the company can do it evitable as it is in breach of the basic responsibility that the manager holds, which is implied in the presentCompany Acts. However there is the proviso that if the manager declares to the board his personal involvement, at the soonest possible clip, so if the board approves the contract so this contract is valid [ 4 ] . This is non the extent to which parliament has legislated director’s personal involvements in contracts as can be seen in theCalcium 1985. Section 317 of theCalcium 1985has been briefly touched upon in his declaration of personal involvement in the contract, yet the statute law goes farther to specify how and what the manager must declare. This include s the nature of the involvement ; whereby a general notice of involvement in a company or with a specific individual is sufficient notice [ 5 ] ; nevertheless merely the understanding from the board in full cognition of an involvement will salvage a contract from being avoided, otherwise contract jurisprudence will let the contract to be avoided. If the involvement is fiscal, instead than merely a connexion with a individual, so the manager must do a declaration to the histories ; therefore purely modulating non merely direct contracts but besides indirect or insouciant minutess [ 6 ] . There are certain exclusions which include ; minutess within the company group ; or a service contract between a manager and its company [ 7 ] ; every bit good as fiscal minutess which are below the bounds set out [ 8 ] . Therefore the current jurisprudence has set out some basic commissariats in protecting the company, which impliedly protects the stockholder because the stockholder is whom the mana ger is keeping its trust for. Yet after an extended three twelvemonth reappraisal it has been revealed that the single shareholder’s involvements may non be sufficiently protected by protecting the company’s involvement and declaring any involvement in a contract to the board. Therefore the present jurisprudence does non make a fiducial responsibility between single stockholders and a manager, instead this is implied because the manager owes a fiducial responsibility to the company as a whole, which is purely adhered to inRegal ( Hastings ) Ltd V Gulliver[ 9 ] . This creates a restriction in the extent that the jurisprudence of equity can protect the single shareholder’s involvement, because it means that the company must convey a claim and normally the stockholder can non convey a claim because no responsibility is held to the single stockholder [ 10 ] . This can do jobs in the instance that all the managers enjoy a personal involvement in the dealing and hence taking to a state of affairs where there is no 1 in the company prepared to take action against the managers. This has led the jurisprudence to do exclusions, but these exclusions are non for the involvement of the stockholders but for creditors [ 11 ] and employees [ 12 ] . Hence making a s tate of affairs where there are single fiducial responsibilities held but as of yet non held to single stockholders. Therefore every bit long as the manager believes he is moving in the best involvement as the company, non single stockholders and so he can utilize and dispose of company belongings as he wishes. [ 13 ] In add-on in personally interested minutess, every bit long as the company is notified and the board agrees, that are in the best involvements of the company and for proper intents, i.e. non deceitful, negligent or foolhardy, are seen as absolutely valid [ 14 ] . If the manager is to do net income from valid personal traffics this so must be to the full disclosed, otherwise he would be in breach of his fiducial responsibility to the company [ 15 ] ; even if the company could non hold made net income without this covering [ 16 ] . In short the current jurisprudence of equity does besides supply some indirect commissariats in protecting the stockholder ; nevertheless the re is no direct fiducial responsibility between the manager and single stockholder ; whereas there is a direct responsibility to an employee or a creditor. This seems to bespeak quite a big nothingness in the both the jurisprudence of equity and statute law as the company would non be without single stockholders ; hence every bit long as it can be shown that an action was in the company’s general good involvement so the effects on the retentions of an single stockholder seems to be irrelevant. However in the recent instance ofCrown Dilmun and Dilmun Investments v Nicholas Sutton and Fulham River Undertakings[ 17 ] the tribunal held that the manager, whom held a direct personal involvement in the contested trade, required the extra written permission of the trade from single stockholders in the concern trade as there were serious effects and struggles in the instance and ignorance is no alibi: The fact that Mr Sutton believes all of this is possible is a good presentation of his minimum apprehension of his responsibilities and duties and possibilities of struggle which he neer understood at all.[ 18 ] The Proposed Changes: TheDilmunabove instance indicates that the current legal alterations are get downing to understand the importance of fair-spirited actions to single stockholders. The statutory alterations that the Queen’s address has proposed is to protect this move to indirectly protecting the stockholder, i.e. the result of theDilmunis being put into statutory signifier and by this there is farther battle of the stockholder. This will do persons more prone to puting in companies as stockholders and hike economic growing in the UK – the purpose of the Company Bill. Therefore there is a little alteration in the current legal state of affairs, instead the protection of an of import alteration that recentDilmun Case[ 19 ] indicates, i.e. there is a motion to protect single stockholders. This seems to be the way that new statute law and proposed reforms seem to be bespeaking besides. The chief point is that without single stockholders at that place would non be a company, therefore their involvements should be every bit protected as single employees and creditors. Hopefully theDilmun Caseand the proposed reforms will bespeak a motion towards protecting single stockholders involvements, every bit good as making a direct fiducial responsibility between managers and stockholders. Bibliography: N. Bridge, 2004,Directors Behaving Badly,NLJ 154 ( 7129) Charlesworth and Morse, 1999,Company Law, Sweet A ; Maxwell Department of Trade and Industry can be found at:www.dti.gov.uk DTI,Company Law Reform White Paper March 2005can be found at:www.dti.gov.uk/cld/WhitePaper.htm The Insolvency Service can be found at:www.insolvency.gov.uk Keenan and Bisacre, 1999,Company Law ( with Scottish addendum ), Prentice Hall Pillans and Bourne, 1999,Scots Company Law, Cavendish Queen’s Speech, 17ThursdayMay 2005, can be found at:hypertext transfer protocol: //www.number-10.gov.uk/output/Page7488.asp Sealy, 2001,Cases and Materials in Company Law, LexisNexis UK 1

What does the Rebublic by Plato teach us about philosophy and its Essay

What does the Rebublic by Plato teach us about philosophy and its relation to poltiics - Essay Example According to Plato, politics and virtue should go hand in hand, the latter being learnt philosophically. In politics, there are different, conflicting ideas. Plato believed that different, divergent views in a political system can be harmonized. The best political order in any state leads to peace in the society. Plato advocates for dependable systems of governance because they give citizens a chance to flourish in whatever they are doing. However, Plato says that the freedom given to citizens to do whatever they like should not be used to discriminate others. The rights of other citizens must be honored. Freedom to perform certain duties should not lead to violation of other people’s rights. Consequently, Plato asserts that, the best political order cannot be obtained without virtue (Bloom 5). Plato was a student of Socrates during the turbulent times in Athens. Socrates had been convicted of impiety. He was charged with inciting Athen’s youths against the gods put in place by the political leaders. Plato stated that the judgment given to Socrates was unjust. In particular, Plato stated that human beings will never have justice until real philosophers take charge of the political systems. According to Plato, it is only philosophers who can honor the political will of the citizens. Evil will continue to affect human race until philosophers acquire power. In addition, evil will only be eliminated in the society when people in power receive divine intervention form a supreme being. (iep, par 2). While in Athens, Plato set up an academy where citizens could be taught principle ideas concerning politics and philosophy. Plato taught his students about mathematics, rhetoric, dialectics, and virtue. These subjects were necessary for any person who wanted to be in politics. Plato’s students became exemplary leaders in the society; they advocated for the use of reason in making right political decisions (iep, par 2). For Plato, politics was an area of significant concern. Politics determined how people lived in a state. Political power is often used to acquire wealth, and status. Plato’s political philosophy concentrated on three areas; state, power, and democracy. Through the republic, Plato wanted political leaders to make the right decision whenever they are faced with dilemmas. Making the right political decisions is the main test of exemplary leadership, it also defines statesmanship. Political leaders must make rights decisions concerning peace and war. Peace and war are critical choices that any statesman or political leader can make while in power. According to Plato, the decisions made concerning peace or war should not be based on public opinion. Leaders should make decisions without succumbing to public pressure. Such leaders have philosophical wisdom in them. Philosophy is, therefore, necessary in the governing of states. In making decision, Plato proposes that leaders evaluate beliefs; right beliefs lead to correct decisions thereby leading to best political order (Bloom 7). The republic also advocates for the prevailing of justice in the society. Justice forms a crucial part of ethics and political concepts in any state. In some instances, justice can refer to individual virtue, and harmonious living in the society. According to Socrates, leaders can exercise justice by ensuring that every citizen speaks the truth. This definition is based on morality principles such as honesty and goodness. However, Plato says that such a definition of justice is not applicable to the modern society where there is the power of critical thinking

Dissertation On Appraisals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dissertation On Appraisals - Essay Example From the individual's point of view, feedback satisfies a need for information about the extent to which personal goals are met (Nadler, 1977), as well as a need for social comparison information about one's relative performance (Festinger, 1954, 117-40). Second, feedback potentially can influence future performance (Ilgen et al., 1979; Kluger and DeNisi, 1996, 254-84). Third, it is believed to play a significant role in the development of job and organizational attitudes (Ilgen et al., 1981; Taylor et al., 1984, 81-124). Thus, feedback is not only important to individuals but also to organizations because of its potential influence on employee performance and a variety of attitudes and behaviors of interest to organizations. Whether these benefits actually accrue may well depend on how feedback recipients react to the feedback. Indeed, reactions to feedback are presumed to indicate overall system viability (Bernardin and Beatty, 1984; Cardy and Dobbins, 1994; Carroll and Schneier, 1982) and to influence future job performance (Kluger and DeNisi, 1996), as well as job and organizational attitudes (Taylor et al., 1984). ... Given this apparent significance of studying reactions, many researchers have bemoaned the relative lack of research on employees' reactions to appraisals (Banks and Murphy, 1985, 335-45; Bernardin and Villanova, 1986), so much so that, Murphy and Cleveland (1995: 310) referred to reaction criteria as the "neglected criteria" of performance appraisal research. Satisfaction with appraisal feedback is one of the most consequential of the reactions to appraisal feedback (Dorfman et al., 1986, 571-98; Giles and Mossholder, 1990, 371-77; Keeping and Levy, 2000, 708-23). For instance, several researchers (Giles and Mossholder, 1990; Organ, 1988) have asserted that using satisfaction as a measure of employees' reactions affords a broader indicator of reactions to appraisal feedback than more specific cognitively oriented criteria. In fact, cognitively oriented measures, such as perceived utility and perceived accuracy, are positively related to satisfaction with appraisal feedback (Keeping and Levy, 2000). In addition, because appraisals form the basis of several important decisions, satisfaction with feedback signifies recognition, status, and future prospects within the organization. Thus, more favorable attitudes about reward contingencies develop when satisfaction with feedback is high than when it is low. These various psychological implicat ions of satisfaction with feedback make it a significant determinant of future behavior and job and organizational attitudes (Taylor et al., 1984). In summary, the central role of feedback to the appraisal process and the importance of examining ratees' satisfaction with appraisal feedback are widely acknowledged (Ilgen et al., 1979; Keeping and Levy, 2000; Murphy and Cleveland, 1995). Given this, the relative lack of research on

Is Eurozone sustainable for the UK to join Literature review

Is Eurozone sustainable for the UK to join - Literature review Example Over the past few years, there has been a considerable debate about the stand that the United Kingdom has taken towards Eurozone. This study explores the topic, ‘Is Eurozone sustainable for the UK to join’. By taking a detailed look at the reasons because of which UK did not join and the reasons due to which the other countries joined, this study would try to analyze the perspective of the UK with regards to Eurozone. A Brief History of Eurozone For many decades, European leaders and diplomats have discussed and debated the concept of a monetary integration of European countries. The arguments were multiple, while some thought that the common currency could prove to be an alternative to the US dollar, some other felt that a single currency would provide many different advantages (Zimmerman, 1995). For some leaders, it meant political symbolism and for some others, it meant the rise a new and improved economic model (Vujic, 2004). After a long era of discussions and debates, the Eurozone came into existence in1999 and the Euro became the legal currency for the member nations (Kleimeier and Sander, 2002). The adoption of a single currency would mean that all the member countries would have a single monetary policy, and would not continue to have separate policies. To regulate this, the European Central Bank came into existence which lays down the Europe wide monetary policies and handles decisions related to interest rates, exchange rates and so on. (Salvatore, 2002). Therefore, if any particular country wants to introduce a separate economy policy, it has to rely on the policies of the European Central Bank as it has become the sole authority of Eurozone. Having a single currency has both advantages and disadvantages and the existence of the Eurozone over the ten years has proved this. The Euro has seen success during the period of 2003-2005, where as it suffered from the loss of its stand during the economic recession that happened during 2008-2009. In recent times, there have been some apprehensions about the stability of the Euro, in the light of the results of the recession where some members of the Eurozone saw major economic crises. Why did the UK Not Join Eurozone? The United Kingdom is one of the most prominent nations of the European Union. Yet, it took a stance on not joining Eurozone. The currency of the United Kingdom continues to be pound sterling and the possibilities of its joining Eurozone look bleak in the near future (Layard, 2002). The Maastricht Treaty (The treaty on European Union) saw the negotiation of an ‘opt-out’ from the common currency (Leblond, 2004). The government that came into power post the 2010 election in the United Kingdom also decided that it would not join the Euro as long as it was in governance. In addition, the UK also has carried out many public opinion polls to take a stance on the whether it should join the Eurozone and the polls in 2005, 2008 and 2009 also demonstrated the opposition to joining the UK. The past three governments of the United Kingdom also took strong stand on not joining the Eurozone. Pr ime Minister Tony Blair set forth ‘five economic tests’ (tests that would help in determining criteria such as the currency

The Survival Of Gone With The Wind English Literature Essay

The Survival Of Gone With The Wind English Literature Essay A bloody war, the fight for survival in a new society, and an epic romance that makes everything else pale in comparison; Scarlett and Rhetts unlikely love in Gone with the Wind matches the scale and grandeur of the antebellum South. Heartbreakingly, though, at the end of the classic book, Scarlett is left high and dry. Anyone who has read the book might have seen it coming. From Scarletts selfishness, need for control, and love of Ashley Wilkes to her daughter Bonnies death, there were many issues that contributed to the failure of Scarletts third marriage. At the heart of the problem was Scarletts selfishness. As a spoiled daughter of a rich plantation owner, Scarlett was never told no. Her hardest decisions were which of her many admirers she should focus on. Then the war struck, and the girl was forced to become a woman and deny herself to preserve Tara, the plantation and home that she loved more than anything. She struggled through hardship and learned to be tough and ruthless. Once she was with Rhett, she had the luxury to be spoiled once again. She took and took; she used Rhetts money to build an ostentatious house in the midst of the hardships of Reconstruction. Even worse, she denied her husband the ability to have another child, simply to preserve her slim waistline. Her vanity and greed slowly chipped away at the love that tied Rhett to her. While he admired her strength, he eventually grew weary of the immaturity that was under the surface. Scarlett also refused to truly admit her love for Rhett, fearing that it would give him leverage over her. This too had been instilled in her during the years of Reconstruction. In addition to making Scarlett grow up overnight, the war had given Scarlett a lack of trust that made it difficult for her to be vulnerable. So day after day, she and Rhett struggled through a marriage where each one was competing for the upper hand instead of submitting to the other. Scarlett would not relinquish her fears and selfish goals, and Rhett was afraid to put himself at the mercy of such a ruthless woman. They were never able to let go and trust each other despite their mutual love; instead, they were constantly bidding for power. What they had at that point was hardly a marriage at all. In addition to these deep problems that she and Rhett faced, Bonnies death put incredible strain on their marriage. Their daughter was perhaps the one thing that kept Rhett tied to Scarlett once the magic was gone. Rhett had gone into things thinking he could charm Scarlett, but he soon realized that it was easier said than done. So when his first daughter came along, she became the light of his life. He could spoil her and love her unconditionally. There were none of the games he had to play with Scarlett. Then, Bonnie fell one day and broke her neck while learning to ride sidesaddle. With no one to offer him unconditional love, Rhett could no longer endure the strains of his marriage. It was the straw that broke the camels back; Rhett had used his love, and without any in return, he was just too tired to continue playing their little game. Perhaps the greatest plague of all in Scarletts marriage was her love for Ashley Wilkes. She pined for him from the time she was sixteen until his wifes death. They were two different people who never would have worked together, but she always longed for what she could not have. Only once he was finally available and needed her could she see that she did not really want him. She had already done plenty of damage by then, however. Her emotional affair with Ashley was practically common knowledge, and she hurt many people in the pursuit of his love. Stolen kisses and improper declarations kept the dream alive even when she finally married Rhett. Then Melanie, Ashleys saint of a wife, died. She had made Scarlett promise to take care of her husband and son. While Scarlett fulfilled this promise, she finally realized that Rhett was the one she truly loved. Her epiphany came too late. He was done with their marriage, exhausted by his wifes constant dedication to another man. She capitulate d, finally able to give him the upper hand and admit her feelings, but Scarlett could not mend the chasm her actions had created. He left with cold parting words as she begged for forgiveness and another chance. Many things contributed to the failure of Scarlett and Rhetts marriage. The war had left deep scars across the South, as well as in Scarletts heart. Because of this and her feelings for Ashley, she was not able to express her love for Rhett. Their daughters death was the beginning of the end. If Scarlett had opened her eyes to look beyond her own needs, though, she might have saved the marriage; they endured so many things together because they were right for each other. The odds were just stacked against them. And so, like the glory of the South, their love was gone like the wind.

Eugenics: An Excuse To Be A Racist Or A Means To A Better Tomorrow? :: essays research papers

Eugenics: An Excuse to be a Racist or a Means to a Better Tomorrow? The term eugenics was coined in the late 19th century. Its goal was to apply the breeding practices and techniques used in plants and animals to human reproduction. Francis Galton stated in his Essays in Eugenics that he wished to influence "the useful classes" in society to put more of their DNA in the gene pool. The goal was to collect records of families who were successful by virtue of having three or more adult male children who have gain superior positions to their peers. His view on eugenics can best be summarized by the following passage: What nature does blindly, slowly, and ruthlessly, man may do providently, quickly, and kindly. As it lies within his power, so it becomes his duty to work in that direction. They sought to establish this by discouraging marriages that were unfavorable in terms of eugenics by attaching to them the stigmas associated with marriage between cousins. Margaret Sanger, the pioneer of the movement for birth control, came from a family that would have been viewed by Galton to be unsuitable for reproduction according to eugenics. She was the sixth of eleven children born into her poor Irish family. She felt that women's reproductive freedom was essential. She coined the term voluntary motherhood and opened the first birth control clinic in the country in Brooklyn in 1916. Like many others who supported the birth control movement, she also supported the idea of eugenics trusting that the "human race could be improved through 'controlled breeding'." Sanger felt that all the problems of society were centered around uncontrolled breeding. She decided that women had the right to know about methods of contraception and about the workings of their own bodies. Her views are best summarized by her statement regarding women's reproductive freedom: The basic freedom of the world is woman's freedom . . .. No woman can call herself free until she can choose consciously whether she will or will not be a mother." Angela Davis felt that birth control was not only advantageous to minority and lower-class women, but to women of "all classes and races." She did not however think that fewer children would help the plight of the human race and "could create more jobs, higher wages, better schools, etc., etc." She felt that if women were not troubled by several childbirths and miscarriages that they could pursue other avenues of life outside of the constraints of marriage and motherhood.

Dream Team †Media Analysis Essay

George and Lennie’s dream is the most commonly mentioned in the novel, they want to live the American dream and have their own land and home. Although Crooks tells them he â€Å"never seen a guy really do it† their determination is beyond that of normal men. They crave the freedom from ordered working life and less responsibility. George desires the relief from the burden of supervising Lennie, on the ranch he constantly has to watch him to ensure he is no danger to himself or others. He talks of how he could â€Å"live so easy† without Lennie and it seems to be a private dream of his to marry and raise a family without the childish weight of Lennie upon him. He has cared for Lennie for a large part of his life and wants happiness for both of them without the strain of rules and the risk of characters such as Curley. Lennie’s only dream at first glance seems to be having his rabbits, however at a closer look the rabbits are his way of relating to their entire dream, he connects all other aspects of free life with them such as growing crops to feed them. He loves hearing the story of â€Å"how its gonna be†, his own dreams are based on what George tells him is good and bad. Candy is desperate to join in with Lennie and George and their dreams have become his. Since his dog died he has nothing left on the ranch to encourage dreams and he seems to have given up, the chance to be part of a reasonably realistic project motivates him again and he is willing to give everything to be part of it, â€Å"I’d make a will an’ leave everything to you guys case I kick off. † All of Candy’s dreams seem to have be worn away by life on the ranch, the loss of his hand also seems to symbolise a large loss mentally for without his hand he cannot realistically dream of working his own land and living alone. For Candy life on the ranch seems to be a reminder of lost dreams rather than hopeful ones and this could explain his eagerness to be part of Lennie and George’s. He is also aware that he is old and becoming closer to the end of his job and possibly his life. â€Å"They’ll can me purty soon. Jus’ as soon as I can’t swamp out no bunk houses they’ll put me on the county. † He dreams of ending his life in happiness and not in poverty and discomfort surrounded by bad memories. Curley’s wife is in many ways like Lennie and George, she tell her dream like its real and could happen at any time to escape the loneliness of the ranch. She tells as many people as she can about her dream as though she wants to make it more real for herself. Her conversation with Lennie reveals her desperation to make this dream come true, she hangs onto the man who could put her in â€Å"pitchers†, so sure he did write to her and someone else ruined her dream. It is these fantasies she uses to escape her life which is heavily restricted by her husband who wants to control her to comply with his own dreams, she wishes to be free to fulfil the life she desires. Her way of telling the story of her dream is almost sad as she clings to any glimpse of it so desperately it is clear how unhappy she is. All the dreams expressed by these characters are what drive them in the novel and can determine how they express their feelings and how they act. Niki Holdsworth Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE John Steinbeck section.

woman abuse essays

woman abuse essays Male domination and patriarchy have been under challenge by feminists and the women's movement in recent decades. The economic, social and political subjection of women around the world, the violence brought against them and their confinement to the domestic sphere have been analyzed and denounced in academic studies. Most people want to build a new society where gender is not the central factor discriminating between individuals, who should be free to choose the life styles that suit them. Men have, in general, been socialized to hide their innermost thoughts and feelings. As young boys they are socialized to believe that if they are open about their feelings they would be considered weak and/or not manly by their peers. Being strong and being a man meant creating a tough exterior, and not allowing anyone to penetrate that hard shell. Men who batter women have never learned how to cope successfully with angry feelings. Life is full of events that cause us immense stress and frustration, but the abusive male does not have the communication skills necessary for resolving the conflict passively. What is violence against women? For some people, the answer to this question is simple an intentional physical act such as a kick, punch, push, choke, or bite, that results in a physical injury. Many people accept this definition of woman abuse inasmuch as they believe that if you dont need stitches, youre not hurt. Most researchers have limited their attention to non-lethal, non-sexual assaults. Unfortunately, this focus on physical assaults does not reflect the brutal reality of many womens lives. We are inclined to agree with the feminist point of view that any definition of woman abuse must incorporate a much broader range of behaviours. Feminists argue that woman abuse refers to anything a male has done or not done to his partner that is perceived as psychologically, socially, econom...

Concepts of Factor Analysis

Concepts of Factor Analysis Introduction Factor analysis is a useful exploratory tool which is helpful in determining the number of factors that should be extracted. The factors that are extracted are those that have a meaningful share of variance and the rest of the variables and their interrelationships are discarded.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Concepts of Factor Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Variables which exhibit maximal correlation are clustered together while variables with equivalent minimal correlations are also grouped together. In the end, it becomes possible to establish a relationship(s) or factors which display the data candidly leaving out the less significant factors out. An interpretation of the factor loadings is essential in correlating extracted factors with meaningful variables (Newcastle University, 2007). For this project, the aim is to find out commonalities that are likely to exist between four variable s i.e. rath (Rathus assertiveness Scale), crwone-marlowe (Crowne-Marlowe Social Desirability Scale), axin (â€Å"Anger in† scale) and axout (â€Å"Anger out† scale). Complete_mooney_bp.sav dataset based on the four variables was used to conduct Factor analysis. It is speculated that up to three factors are measured by the four instruments (scales). Descriptive statistics and correlations All the factors have the same sample size, N = 63. The mean for crowne-marlowe is.6829 and a standard deviation of.0762. Axin had a mean of 2.2560 with a standard deviation of.4543 while axout had a mean of 2.1071 with a standard deviation of.4277. Finally, the mean for rath was 3.3860 with a standard deviation of.4370. From the means, it is evident that rath i.e. assertiveness is the most important factor in determining anger in, anger out or even social desirability as it has the highest mean of 3.3860, followed by axin, axout and crowne-marlowe social desirability is the least influ ential variable. In summary, the Rathus assertiveness scale has the highest likelihood of being among the factors that should be retained. The â€Å"Anger Out† scale, the â€Å"Anger Out† scale and the Crowne-marlowe desirability scales then follow in that order.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Pearson correlation coefficients and their single-tailed significance values are presented in Table 2. There is a weak negative Pearson correlation between axin and crowne-marlowe and this is statistically significant, r = -.247, p =.026. A negative and weak Pearson correlation also exists between axout and crowne-marlowe but this is not statistically significant, r = -.197, p =.060. Rath and crowne-marlowe have a very weak positive correlation which is not statistically significant, r =.048, p =.353. There is a weak negative correlation between axout and axin which is not statistically significant, r = -.005, p =.486 whereas the correlation between rath and axin is negative but statistically significant, r = -.383, p=.001. There exists a weak positive correlation between rath and axout and the correlation is statistically significant, r =.286, p =.012. All correlations between variables and themselves are 1. Communalities Table 3 indicates the communalities prior to and after extraction. The extraction method utilized in this case is the principal component analysis whose assumption is that there is commonness in all variance. That is the reason why the communalities for all factors are 1 prior to extraction. The ‘’extraction† column provides the common variance exhibited in the data structure. It is therefore correct to say that 65.6 percent of variance associated with crowne-marlowe is common/shared variance or.656 of variance is explained by crowne-marlowe. A communality of.697 for axin after extraction indicates that 69 .7 percent of variance associated with axin is shared variance, which can also be stated that.697 is the amount of variance in axin that is explained by the two retained factors (factor 1 and factor 2). A communality of.703 for axout after extraction implies that 70.3 percent of variance associated with axout is shared variance or.703 is the amount of variance in axout that is explained by factor 1 and factor 2 as the retained factors. Finally, a communality of.733 for rath is an indication that 73.3 percent of variance associated with rath is common variance or.733 is the amount of variance in rath that is explained factor 1 and factor 2. Consideration for whether to use the Kaiser criterion (where factors with eigenvalues above 1 are retained) or the Scree Plot in determining the factors that should be retained is made depending on the sample size, number of variables and average communality.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Concepts of Factor Analysis spe cifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Field (2005) explains that the Kaiser’s criterion is used if average communality is at least 0.7 and the variables are not more than 30. In addition, the same criterion is considered if the sample size is more than 250 with an average communality of at least 0.6. Failure to meet any of the above conditions calls for the use of the Scree Plot bur the sample size has to be large enough i.e. at least a sample size of 300. In this project, the average communality was 2.789/4 =.69725, there were 4 variables and the sample size was less than 250. As such, the Kaiser’s criterion was applied since the communality is approximately 0.7 and the variables are less than 30 and hence the first condition was met. This led to the retention of all factors with an Eigen value above 1 (Factor 1 and Factor 2. Even going with the Scree Plot (Figure 1) which is suitable for sample sizes that are larger than 300, the fir st point of inflexion is after the second factor and it is clear that the Eigenvalue is greater than 1. It is therefore justifiable to retain two factors only i.e. the first and the second factor, since they lie above eigenvalue 1 and appear before the graph starts to flatten. Variance explained The Eigenvalues associated with every factor (linear component) prior to extraction and after extraction are provided in Table 4. Prior to extraction, it is evident that there were 4 linear components in the complete_mooney_bp.sav dataset. The variance explained by every factor is given by correspondent Eigenvalues and these are displayed in percentage form. In that case, factor 1 explains 37.636 percent variance whereas factor 2 explains 32.102 percent variance. Only two factors have Eigen values greater than 1 in this dataset and therefore only the two factors are extracted (factor 1 and factor 2) and the other two factors can be considered as non-significant. The Eigenvalues and percentag e variance for the two extracted factors are again displayed under the ‘Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings’ column.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is evident that the cumulative variance that is explained by both factor 1 and factor 2 (extracted factors) is 69.738 percent variance. From the ‘total variance explained’ output, it becomes clear that the largest variance is given by factor 1 and factor 2 and discarding the rest of the factors is justifiable. Component matrix Table 5 is a component matrix table prior to rotation and the loading of each variable onto the two extracted factors is provided. In this case, all loadings were produced where the loading of crwone-marlowe onto extracted factor 1 is.327 and -.741 onto factor 2. Axin has a loading of -.782 on factor 1 and a loading of.290 onto factor 2. The loading of axout onto factor 1 was.343 whereas the loading of axout for factor 2 is.766. Finally, the loading of rath onto factor 1 is.818 with the loading of rath onto factor 2 being.253. It is also possible to view Table 5 as correlations between variables and the various unrotated factors. In that case, the correlation between crowne-marlowe and factor 1 is.327 whereas the correlation between crowne-marlowe and factor 2 is -.741. The correlation between axin and factor 1 is -.782 while the correlation between the same variable and factor 2 is.290. The correlation between axout and factor 1 and factor 2 is.343 and.766 respectively. Finally, the correlation between rath and factor 1 is.818 and the correlation between rath and factor 2 is.253. It is evident that rath has and axin has the highest loading/strongest correlation with factor 1 while crowne-marlowe and axout have the highest loading on factor 2. Since the highest load on factor 1 is rath, it is arguable to label factor 1 as assertiveness (based on Rathus Assertiveness Scale). On the other hand, axout seems to have the highest loading on factor 2 and thus it is arguable that factor 2 can be labeled as tendency to let anger out. From the interpretations of the component matrix it appears that the researcher was mainly/or shou ld concentrate on finding out the relationship between assertiveness and tendency to express anger out. In other words, it is evident that at least two factors are measured by both the Rathus Assertiveness Scale and the â€Å"Anger Out† scale. Indeed, it can be said that the more an individual is assertive, the less likely the individual is to hold anger â€Å"in.† In other words, assertive individuals tend to express anger more openly. Increased assertiveness leads to decreased tendency to hold anger in. Summary Factor analysis is helpful in determining which variables should be retained by looking for variables with maximal relationships. From the above factor analysis, it has been demonstrated that among the four variables i.e. Rathus Assertiveness Scale, Crowne-Marlowe Desirability Scale, â€Å"Anger Out† scale and â€Å"Anger In† scale, there exists stronger correlations between factor 1 and Rathus Assertiveness Scale and factor 2 with â€Å"Anger O ut† scale. This is demonstrated by high means for these variables and the fact that they are the only factors that are extracted, or meeting criteria for extraction in the analysis. The variances explained by the two factors have a lion share in the total variance with a cumulative variance of 69.738 percent being registered for factor 1 and factor 2. The variance that is explained by factor 1 alone is large enough (37.636%) to qualify the factor for retention. This is the same with factor 2 which explains 32.102% of the variance. Moreover, both factor 1 and factor 2 have eigenvalues above 1. Finally, the loadings of the two factors on the variables are of significance with factor 1 having a loading of.818 onto rath (Rathus Assertivness Scale) while factor 2 had a loading of.766 onto factor 2. It is from these observations that it is concluded that factor 1 can be labeled as the Rathus Assertiveness Scale while factor 2 is labeled as â€Å"Anger Out† scale. These two va riables are therefore essentially important in the study and for sure, assertiveness and tendency to express â€Å"anger out† can be measured by these two instruments (scales). Appendix Table 1: Descriptive Statistics Descriptive Statistics Mean Std. Deviation Analysis N crowne-marlowe .6829 .07621 63 axin 2.2560 .45427 63 axout 2.1071 .42766 63 rath 3.3860 .43697 63 Table 2: Correlations of all Factors Correlation Matrix crowne-marlowe axin axout rath Correlation crowne-marlowe 1.000 -.247 -.197 .048 axin -.247 1.000 -.005 -.383 axout -.197 -.005 1.000 .286 rath .048 -.383 .286 1.000 Sig. (1-tailed) crowne-marlowe .026 .060 .353 axin .026 .486 .001 axout .060 .486 .012 rath .353 .001 .012 Table 3: Communalities-Before and after Extraction Communalities Initial Extraction crowne-marlowe 1.000 .656 axin 1.000 .697 axout 1.000 .703 rath 1.000 .733 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Table 4: Total Var iances (Variance and Cumulative Variance) Total Variance Explained Component Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative % 1 1.505 37.636 37.636 1.505 37.636 37.636 2 1.284 32.102 69.738 1.284 32.102 69.738 3 .688 17.204 86.941 4 .522 13.059 100.000 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Table 5: Component Matrix Component Matrixa Component 1 2 crowne-marlowe .327 -.741 axin -.782 .290 axout .343 .766 rath .818 .253 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. a. 2 components extracted. Figure 1: Scree plot of Eigen Value against Component Number Reference Field, A. P. (2005). Discovering statistics using SPSS (2nd edition). Sage: London. Newcastle University. (2007). How to perform and interpret Factor Analysis using SPSS. Retrieved from https://www.ncl.ac.uk/

Racism in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Racism in America - Essay Example The quote from one of the characters named Hilly Holbrook in the book or movie ‘The Help’. His words show racism that is in Mississippi. In America, racism was once prominent but it is going down with time (Cozic and Dudley). After her return, Skeeter became uncomfortable with the way the house bits of help were treated by her friends. Her friend Hilly had a separate bathroom for the blacks her reason being that her family may get infected with the black’s diseases. Because of this, Skeeter decided to publish a book by the name ‘The Help’. At first, the maids were reluctant to share their problems with her, but they later felt that their problems could be solved. One of the maids named Aibileen shared with Skeeter after finding out that her friend had been fired because she used her bosses’ bathroom. Minny, the maid, who was sent away, also shared her story. She later finds a job in Celia’s mansion who is Johnny’s wife where she i s treated well compared to the other boss. One of the themes that are both in the book and the movie is racial injustice. This theme is more evident in the book than the movie because in the movie Skeeter takes a seat to talk to Aibileen about her idea of publishing a book. This could not have occurred in the book as there was an apparent difference between the whites and the blacks. This is manifested in the way that most blacks are the ones who are employed by the whites and they are being mistreated because of their color. Aibileen who was a dedicated house help has spent almost her life taking care of white children. Minny also is a maid and because of her outspokenness, she always gets fired. This shows that blacks are not allowed to give their views because their views are considered to be of no importance. Racism is also seen when Hilly, Minny’s boss fires her after finding out that she used their bathroom during a thunderstorm instead of using hers which is outside th e house. Hilly believes that blacks have diseases and therefore they have to use their own bathrooms. This is evident when he says, â€Å"All these houses they are building without maid’s quarters? It’s just plain dangerous. Everybody knows they carry different diseases than we do† (Stockett 8). Hilly spoils Minny’s reputation, making it difficult for her to find a job. Minny’s daughter, therefore, has to stop schooling and look for an occupation as a maid. Aibileen finds a job for Minny where she is treated better than where she was before. Skeeter later finds out that their maid Constantine was sent away because her mother did not want Constantine to be seen by other guests during a celebration. Her mother was guilty about it but they found out that Constantine died just after leaving Jackson. Aibileen was sent away after Hilly insisted that she had stolen silver from her boss Elizabeth. The second theme both in the movie and the book is class an d gender. However, it is more evident in the book than the movie because, in the book, the difference between the social classes is more intense. The whites do not share the bathroom with the blacks than in the movie where we see the maids sharing bathrooms with their bosses. This theme is prominent when we see that most ladies in the area went to the university to look for husbands.

Auditing and Accounting Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Auditing and Accounting Ethics - Essay Example In addition, in question 4 the responsibility in relation to external and internal audit toward the society has been discussed. Loebbecke A. (2000) stated that auditing has historically been concerned with the faithful and accurate accounting of economic resources. This concern arises from the imperative of maintaining accountability in the presence of agency conflicts between the management and owners of a firm. Over time, this notion of accountability has expanded as interest groups established new standards of performance. The underlying philosophy has, however been remained constant: essentially one of ensuring that accounting records have been kept and verifying compliance with generally accepted accounting principles.1 Hayes, R., Dassen R. , et al, (2005) addressed that the independence is one of the most pivotal traits of being an auditor. Hussy, R., (1999) has elucidated independence as the fundamental principle that the auditor must be, seen to be, independent to enable them to behave with integrity and make objective professional and business judgment. Independence could be of two forms as- According to Hayes, R., Dassen R., et al (2005), independence is potentially affected by self-interest, self-interview, advocacy, familiarity and intimidation threats. To approach of this comment, the threats have been clarified as followed: ‘Self-interest Threat’ occurs when a firm or a member of the assurance team could benefit from a financial interest in, or other self-interest conflict with, an assurance client. Examples of circumstances that may create this threat include: Teoh, H. Y. & Lim, C. C. (1996) mentioned that self-interest threat occurs when, (1) any product or judgment of a previous assurance engagement or non-assurance engagement needs to be re-evaluated in reaching conclusions on the assurance engagement, or (2) when a member of the assurance team was previously a director or