A PC Repair Business Proposal

A PC sterilise Business ProposalWith PC Repair, electronic figurer and technical consulting services practically(prenominal)(prenominal) as resurrects, training, networking and upgrade services atomic make sense 18 offered to sm only local anaesthetic byplayes and household PC users. For a company resembling ours to primary(prenominal)tain their customer relations, our company go forth focus on securities industrying, reactivity and improve quality of the services to our customers.At present our PC Repair result be a partnership, but after about wholeness year it will migrate to a Limited Liability caller-up in January 2013. Our PC Repair commercial enterprise at its early defend will start at a rented righteousness, utilizing one studio manner in the rented premises and serving customers in the local Louth area and beyond. In the fourth month of our plan, we will move into a leased office environment and employ a second computer technician. With increase in sa les, we will equally employ additional personnel.Your companys goals.Our primary customers will be small vexation PC users and the residential PC users. Our short and unyielding term goals of our agate line is toThe goal of our phone line is to create standard for on-the-spot(prenominal) computer solutions through fast, on-site service, quick response time and diffuse turn around.To provide the best service available to the people in the community at an affordable price.To apply customer satisfaction so that at least 40% of our customer base is repeat business.To generate considerable market share so that PC Repair is a common name.Constant growth in sales from start up through year three we will repay our loan and beyond. get out our employees with adequate training make the place of work a conducive and great place to work, fair pay and benefits, and incentives to use their own ethical judgement to solve customers problemsExplain in a few paragraphs your short- and long-r un goals for the company. How fast do you think it will grow? Who will be your primary customers?3. The service or product planned to offer.We will be religious offering computer repairs, training, and networking and upgrade service to our customers in two main distinct categories namely home PC users and small business users. As our PC Repair business starts to grow with increase in customers demands as well grows, we will start to provide bundle system development to our business customers.From the very commencement ceremony day of our business inception, we will start offering our customers with on-site repair and consulting services. This service will alleviate our customers with the problem of winning time out of their busy days bring a computer in to our store. The issue of bring a computer to workshop for repair is one of the biggest disturbances among small business owners needing computer help. It will be piano for us to offer on-site repair because most of our diagn ostic equipment is portable. We idler only remove a PC from our customer premises to our workshop only when the problem requires a to a greater extent detailed diagnosis or repair. We will as well be providing our customers with free pick-up and delivery of PCs that is requiring repair. In the fourth month of our business, we will purchase a company train in order to meet up with the challenges associated with our services.With our PC Repair business we will be providing our customers with an extended criminal maintenance agreement. In this regard, our business customers nates deal with technical support and repair needs or requirements as a single line-item expense, instead having to plan for unexpected failures and problems with (security depots) a rainy-day fund they may never use. Maintenance agreements will provide a gamey gross margin for our business, and provide our customers with peace of mind.We will concentrate on hardware and networking support while offering a li mited parcel support installation and compatibility issues. The reason is that software development is much more rapid than hardware does, and our customers will feed such varied software needs that we may not possibly keep up with all of them. We will then advice our customers to register their software and use the support of the software vendors options. We will, however, keep up to date with multiple operating systems and networking developments. We will be working with our business customers to ensure that they have the compactable hardware, Operating Systems, networking devices, backup systems, and software. financial support and security will be our top priority for our potential customers, as the rate of internet usage has becomes more common, and as well as more and more daily business records and transactions are stored electronically.4. The market potential for your service or product.The computing industry nature, with its rapid scientific growth rate, creates a conc ern for the need for businesses skills been up-to-date and providing advice to customers on computer-related issues. keen business PC users and home PC users will provide the bulk of our business income. Business Week expects the computing industry to grow at a rate of 12% and the processor speeds to continue to expand for eld to come, providing a rich resource for sales 1With our PC Repair business we will focus majorly on the small business market, because these customers usually dont have full-time IT personnel, but they have the needs for fulltime IT. Our PC Repair business will offer these customers with affordable on-demand services. We can also offer maintenance agreements that generate extra monthly income to our business. In respect of our residential customers, we will provide them an affordable, helpful and flexible schedule service to fit with their needs. Our aim market will focus on having competitive advantage everywhere PC World and its likes in surrounding areas . Market research shows there are loads of business for a small company such as ours PC Repair.5. A marketing strategy.We will act upon the failing of our competitors in our market strategy. We will run a reasonable number of advertisements on the local news papers business page, local radio stations and the local television houses and post some bills. This will overhaul in the starting phase of our business.Our advertisements will focus on our advantages, such as on-site service, competitive rates, and quick response time to faults and turn-around times. In the advertisement, our opening date will be made known to the public, and a free diagnostic service will be give for the first 30 customers.We will maintain these opening advertisements with a smaller direct-marketing produce to some small business owners within and around the county, with lists drawn from the local Chamber of Commerce. For the first year that we are in business, we will not relent on advertising our busi ness periodically and offering promotions such as discounts, free diagnosis etc. We will be tally monthly advertisements in sections rather than the business one so that we will have steady response from home PC owners from different areas that sawing machine our advertisements.In order to attract more customers, we will make a promotion for three months for example, Spyware removal on a desktop PC for 50 including tax and software. This offer will draw the attention of customers because discern is a menace for small business PC users and many home PC users6. A three- to five-year financial projection.To get our PC Repair business started, we must provide hard currency and assets. We are also seeking a short-term loan, to be secured with the owners home equity, and repaid within three years 1. In the first three months our financial plan calls for limited growth, followed by much higher sales when we will be hiring additional technicians. Our projections are relied on market res earch and ratios that is compared to similar businesses. We will try to cut mass our operational expense as we grow, and maintain a positive cash balance as we repay our three-year loan. For us to achieve these goals, we will employ a vigorous advertising campaign or drive to exploit our competitors weaknesses. Using not bad(predicate) cost control, we will see a modest, to that degree comfortable, net profit the first year, even after moving into a leased space and recruit new employee.7. An exit strategy.All good business plans include a section that lays out the benchmarks youll use in deciding to call it quits. The strategy could be based on a Euro figure, revenue growth, the markets reception to your idea, or a consensus among top officers.

The competitiveness of Malaysia in attracting FDI

The belligerentness of Malaysia in attracting FDI1.1 AbstractThis report investigates the competitiveness of Malaysia in attracting unconnected Direct investing (FDI). More specifically the study investigates the relationship of FDI with Malaysias volunteernce, analyzes the reasons that affected the FDI into Malaysia, and adjudicates each doable reason with relevant supportive data. The study allow for further evaluate the rough-and-readyness of organisation policies in attracting FDI into Malaysia.1.2 Malaysia and the FDIMalaysia has a policy of mixed parsimoniousness whereby the countries attract FDI into the clownish to depend on its preservation and to ensure egression. Most of the experiential studies on the function of FDI in countries suggest that FDI is an key kickoff of ceiling, complements municipal private investiture, risement of engineering bump off, and emergence overall stintingal produce in countries where higher sparing change by reversa lth leave creating sound coronation environment which attracts enthronisation from market-seeking secures (Karimi et al., 2009). According to Krugman and Obstfeld (1994) FDI functions as one mood to link an inter-temporal gap of metropolis demand and supply, and like other jacket crown influxs, change magnitude the output frontier of developing countries, which normally suffer a famine of uppercase. FDI withal lead to augment the employment rate done the expansion of the deliverance and handicraft grounding. Insufficient funds for investment ar the primary(prenominal) reason to seek FDI and normally, less- create countries lack of fund for investment (Har, Teo, Yee, 2008). thitherfore by having the FDI, it privy help them to develop their countries and improve their standard of living by creating much internal employment and increase the economy.Besides FDI creating more(prenominal) job opportunities, influx of FDI has been an important source of knowledg e transfer in applied science, concern skills and transnational linkages for Indonesia, Malaysia, and Philippines and Thailand (Yussof Ismail, 2002). FDI is considered to be an important vehicle for transfer of new applied science which contributes to growth more than domestic investment (Borensztein et al., 1998). FDI provides the fastest and most effectual way to deploy new technologies in developing soldiers countries, by dint of the process of technology transfer, the outside multinationals likewise contributed to the using of the technical capabilities of the locals (UNCTAD, 2000). Moreover, through training of employees and hands-on learning, FDI canful raise the skills of local manpower and as a pull up stakes, increasing their cropivity level ( Marial Ngie, 2009). Furthermore, FDIs role is to fuel exports growth whereby the production of products and function be to cater both domestic and international markets.The governments effort by introducing more liber al incentives including allowing a big dower of unusual equity will power in first step under the packaging of Investment Act (PIA)1986 and followed by the establishment of Free Trade Zones (FTZs) during the uphold Malaysia Plan ( 1971-1975) in ordination to attract a larger inflow of FDI. Since then, Malaysia has attracted a large portion of the investment dollar that flowed into Asia. Between 1986 and 1996, it ensueed to a large inflow of FDI at an annual middling rate of 38.7% by and by 1987. In 1995 for instance, Malaysia was the second largest FDI pass receiver among Asian economies with US$ 5.8 one million million million (UNCTAD, 1996).FDI Inflows to Malaysia, (in million dollars) 1990-2009The figure above shows the trend of FDI inflow to Malaysia. Malaysia has received a solidification of FDI since the 1990s and FDI has become an important contributor to the growth and the transformation of Malaysias economy whereby FDI could create job opportunities for the countries citizens. The FDI flow in Malaysia is inconsistent and fluctuates randomly. For the record, Malaysia has recorded RM 152 billion in net FDI inflows during the period 2000-2009 higher than RM 134 billion from 1990-1999. But real Malaysias performance starts to grow up impressively by 1990s comp atomic number 18d with the historic period before 1990s and it show that may be the investor confidence had improved. However, the lowest figures of FDI inflows recorded in 2001 were repay up to(p) to the global trend and followed by the crack up of technology bubble (The star newspaper, 25 March 2010). As for 2009, the FDI inflow into the Malaysia had drastically dropped 81% to US$1.4bil from US$7.3bil in 2008, which reported by the humans Investment Report (WIR). According to the chief economist of random memory Holdings Bhd Dr Yeah Kim Leng, the reason why the FDI be in possession of contracted sharply due to lack of confidence as the result of the global monetary crisis in 2008 and 2009 (The star newspaper, 13 March 2010). In 2007, FDI inflows peaked, when it reaching US$1.8 trillion, up 30% from 2006, bringing the worldwide stock of FDI to US$15 trillion.FDI is an important contributor to the growth and the transformation of Malaysias economy, circumstancely in establishing new industries, enhancing production capacity, employment, trade and technological capability. Malaysia has attracted a steady inflow of net FDI in the recent decade, averaging 3% of GDP per annum with a peak of 4.5% of GDP in 2007 (Har, et. al., 2008). However, relatively dec melodic line FDI inflows were recorded in 2001 and 2009, similar to the global trend, undermentioned the collapse of the technology bubble and the global financial crisis respectively.According to the World Investment Report 2010, Malaysias FDI was dropped more than 81 percent in 2009 on Year-on-Year basic, from US$7.32 billion in 2008 to US$1.38 billion in 2009. The FDI inflow into Malaysia of the en tire year of 2009 was even less than half of the annual average total FDI inflow among the eld of 1995 to 2005, which included the long convalescence period after the 1997 Asia scotch Crisis. Besides, Malaysias FDI inflow in 2009 was also lower than capital of Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, and the Philippines. This is the very first time in the history where the Philippiness FDI total is more than Malaysias FDI.1.3 Malaysia Economy BackgroundMalaysia was a strong performer in sparing growth within the South- einsteinium Asia component in the early and mid-1990s. However, the rustics economy was hit hard during Asia Economic Crisis, which began in July 1997 started from Thailand. The crisis caused Malaysia economy contracted by 7.4 percent, and the Ringgit slipped by more than 40 percent until the untaught decided to lend oneself currency and capital control, as puff up as pegged it currency- RM3.80 to USD1. However, the economy was able to recover strongly, part icularly in 1999 and 2000, as the result of increase government spending and highly increased export sector. Malaysia had successfully to register averaged annual GDP growth rate at 5.9 percent since 2001. The country sparing growth are transforming from depending on government spending and exports to become more driven by private consumption and investment, particularly in the operate sector.Malaysia had taken the initiatives to reconstruct it economy, especially financial sector since 1997 Asia Financial Crisis. This enabled Malaysias economy did not hurt badly by the global financial crisis which began on November 2008 in US. However, the countrys economy is facing some(prenominal) problems internally and externally. These include of potence decreasing exports demand, higher commodity prices (due to Quantitative travel (QE) Policy- worldwide, and Quantitative Easing 2 (QE2) US), lower competitiveness in attracting FDI inflows, and challenges in gaining the high income countr y status.Malaysias government had introduced 5 economic regions within the country (Iskandar Malaysia (Iskandar), North Corridor Economic Region (NCER), East Coast Economic Region (ECER), Sabah Development Corridor (SDC), and Sarawak Corridor of reclamation Energy (SCORE)) within the year of 2008. Also, the Malaysians government has promised to commit to an open economy, increase the countrys competitiveness and promote more freedom for foreign investors to the country. However, the introduced of 5 economic regions and the promises given by the Malaysians government did not responded positively by foreign investors, as the FDI inflow into Malaysia was dropped shapely in the year of 2009.Malaysia force backs to become a developed country in 2020, yet the country need to grow at least 7 percent annually for the 10 years to come. Malaysia consent been focused in several sectors in 9th Malaysia Plan and tertiary Industrial Master Plan, which includes of Islamic Finance, IT ICT, Edu cation, Tourism, Biotechnology, and Multimedia. However, the 10th Malaysia Plan and the Malaysia Bud seduce 2011 are both focused on the blueprint on addressing income distribution, retaining affirmative follow out policies for native Malays, while developing and improving the agriculture and social dish outs sectors.1.4 Malaysia Countrys FacilitiesAccording to World Investment Report 2008, MNCs often invest in countries with well open up network of transportation and communication facilities. Malaysia is ready to satiate the ask of logistic and communication within the countrys boundary, especially in the peninsular of Malaysia. PLUS-highways and KTM railways are both linking the study towns in peninsular. Malaysia is famous with cheaper ports services than Singapore provided in southern Johor, as well as in Klang. Besides, the atomic number 82 budget airlines- Air Asia, which selected Malaysia as the hub of it networks also increased the competitiveness of Malaysia in term of transportation. As for communication, Malaysia is moving toward to implement National Broadband scuttle (NBI), other than the MSC projects. According to SKMM (Malaysia Multimedia and Communication Commission), 95% of peninsular lands and 55% of East Malaysia areas are covered by fixed line broadband. Besides, at that place are with 29.6 Million cellular subscription (Q3,2009), with 95% of area reporting in Peninsular and 77% of area coverage in East Malaysia.1.5 FDI. Why and How?FDI in general can help to create jobs luck and reduce the poverty rate in a developing country. in that respect are many ways in which FDI can help to enhance a countrys manufacturing and export competitiveness. In order to attract export orient FDI and to ensure that such investment translates into cultivation gains, a country needs to find the most effective ways to make the choice of locations as well as the target segments, conducive to the kind of export activities the MNCs aim to foster. o ne of the biggest tools for economic integration is FDI. FDI moves towards low technology production and drive intensive in developing countries, but they flows in high technology production towards developed bows. FDI usually depend on different count ons of investments such as the sector of investment whether its manufacturing or services, the size of multinational investor or social club. When the firms, which relocate just now a part of its productions process, but not the full productions line, then there is with possibilities for more FDI inflows in future, as the firms skill continuously to relocate other productions process. Natural picks, specific skills, inexpensive task and infra building will usually be the motivator to the foreign investors to relocate their productions line. On the other hand, the investors will invest heavily in an advantaged location to increase their competitive advantages.In todays rapidly globalizing world, successful exporting needs no t only competitive products, but also marketing expertise and nettle to international markets. Giving greater access to FDI can provide major benefit in this respect especially in markets in which established brand names and large distribution networks are important assets. FDI can also be effective means of providing resources, such as skills, training, technology, capital goods and intermediate input needed to exploit a countrys existing comparative degree advantages.As for developing countries, FDI play a major role in the manufacturing sector for exports. This contributes to direct and indirect impacts to the domestic companies, in which direct impacts come astir(predicate) when FDI establish backward linkages with domestic companies. The indirect impacts occur when the domestic companies are able to copy the operations and the vigilances styles from the foreign companies, opportunity to recruit happy employees of foreign companies, and taking advantages from reductions in trade barriers, as well as the improvements in local fundament.FDI is the vehicle by which firms achieve their strategic objectives. A company must posses or so asset such as product and process technology or management and marketing skills that can be used beneficially in the foreign affiliate in order to invest in production in foreign markets. According to produce Berger (1969), For direct investment to thrive there must be some imperfection in markets for goods or factors, including among the latter technology. Or some hinderance in competition by government or by firms, which separates markets. The modify nations have remained the major contributor as well as the major recipient of FDI though FDI flows to the developing world have more than bivalent between 1990 and 1999.2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 The FDIFDI is generally defined as ownership of a countrys business or properties by entities not domiciled there (BusinessDictionary.com). In this 20th century, the improved tech nologies and consolidated economies make a greater mobility of peoples, goods, capital and ideas from one country to another country. Such exchange of goods, services, knowledge and cultures between countries brings us to a world without boundaries and it is popularly cognize as globalisation (Global Education). As the tendency of world towards globalization, FDI plays an extraordinary and growing role in global business (Graham Spaulding, 2005). In terms of FDI, the host country is the country which receives the investment from the source country or home country, which is also known as the foreign investor. The inflows of FDI into a host country can drive to a significant development of economy by providing an external source of capital, new technologies, management skills, and process.According to Graham Spaulding, FDI is classically defined as a company from one country making a physical investment into building a factory in another country. A direct investment is about inve sting in buildings, machinery, and equipment while indirect investment is refer to undertaking a portfolio investment. In current year, the interpretation of FDI has been expansive to include the acquisition of lasting management pertain in a company outside the investing firms home country, investing in a joint venture, or construction of facility, or league with a local firm with the following input of technology and licensing of intellectual lieu (Graham Spaulding, 2005). Besides, the form of FDI has much different from the pass in terms of the size, oscilloscope and methods of execute due to the expansion in technologies, changes in markets capital structure as well as the gradually aggrandizing liberalization of national investment regulatory framework.The expanding of FDI in current year proposed different view load to different people. Adherents of FDI indicate that the exchange of investment flows values both the host country and the home country while opponents hold that multinational col labor partyationism are able to exert greater power over small economies and would lead to larger local competition (Graham Spaulding,2005). Since the flows of investment in a countrys economies does brings about great impact, most governments, especially for those in industrialized and developed nations really put much attention to FDI. In the United States, the function of Economic Analysis, a section of the U.S. Department of Commerce, is responsible for collecting economic data about the economy including information about FDI flows (Graham Spaulding, 2005). By tone ending through this data, the influence of such investment on the overall economy can be determined and the impact on manufacturing segments will be assessable.The FDI embodies two typical assets first, capital and second, technology or a number of intangible advantages. So, FDI is more likely to be important in industries with significant firm-specific, intangible, knowledge-based asset s. FDI contributes most to the development process when affiliate is wholly owned and fully integrated into the global operations of the stir company. Once the parent investors commit themselves to incorporate the output from host country into a larger strategy to meet global or regional competition-there is evidence of a dynamic integration effect, which creates innovative and creative technology and techniques, as well as closedownr positioning along the top of the best management practises and highest industry standards. 2.2 The benefits of FDIIn general, FDI will improve competitiveness and create employment, as well as increase the development of the host nation. This is a result of inward investment increasing the number of entrants in the indigenous industry which forces all competitor firms in the industry to become more competitive by reducing prices and improving efficiency and quality. In the compendium of Bosworth and Collins (1999) found that about half of each dol lar of capital inflow can converted into an increase in the domestic investment. The result of the analysis show that the transferring of foreign resources equal to 53-69 percentage of the inflow of financial capital. The rest are transferred to reserves accumulation or capital inflows.In addition to the contribution of joint ventures, foreign firms can serve as a accelerator pedal for other domestic exporters.In an empirical analysis, the probability of domestic factories will be exported is considered to be actively associated with the nearby multinational companies (Aitken et al. 1997). One implication is that the government may encourage potential exporters to be close to each other, creating export processing zones, duty-free import of inputs given as to fund al-Qaeda, special offers or tax-free to help reduce the cost of domestic enterprises to foreign countries to break the market. Export processing zone is a useful broad-based reform, but may introduce spatial distortions, the government in the wrong place to find the area. Much FDI activity is achieved by way of a joint venture between a foreign company and an indigenous company and this may bring advantages such as try diversification, capital requirement reductions and lower start-up costs.Besides, foreign firms will bring in superior technology and enable free spreads of technology to the existing firm for extent of benefit to the host countries. FDI will manifest itself in the creation of spill over and linkages typically in suppliers and customers whereas the dynamic impact will affect the competitive environment. In addiction, both adherents and opponents support their respective view shoot regarding to the implication and effect of growing in FDI. Adherents stand the point that exchange of investment flows benefits both the host country and the home country (Graham Spaulding, 2005). This enable the mutual benefit between both countries where the enterprise in host country providing the new technologies, capital, management skills, and facilities as needed by the home country while the home country investor invest gold in the host country to achieve their common goal, making service from their collaboration. In spite of the perspective mentioned above, some proposed that FDI helps in economic development of the particular country where the investment is being made and especially relevant for the economically developing countries (EconomyWatch). Supporters vouching for FDI say that it is stable and is a source of go technology and better managerial practices, so it is good for developing economies (Peter Nunnenkamp, 2002). Optimism about the consequences of foreign investment, coupled with heighted awareness about the importance of new technologies for economic growth, has contributed to wide-reaching changes in national policies on FDI and it helps accelerate the process of economic development in host country (Gordan H. Hanson, 2001). For most nations that wer e developing form the economic perspective, FDI is considering as one of the major foreign source of financing during 90s. Besides, there is an notice shows that FDI has played an important role in helping several countries when they were confronted by economic difficulties. For example, during the financial problems of 1997-1998 that the amount of FDI made in countries in East Asian region was pretty steady and similar observation has been made in the 1980s and in Mexico in 1994-1995 (Economy Watch).The presence of foreign corporate in a host developing economy produces a positive externality that is the transfer of technologies. As a research for technology transfer, there are four correlated channels which are erect linkages with suppliers and purchasers in the host countries, horizontal linkages with competing or complementary companies in the akin industries, migration of skilled labors, and the internationalization of RD (OECD, 2002). With the presence of Multinational Ente rprise (MNE), the technology transfers have been demonstrated that existing particularly through vertical linkages however the flagitious of horizontal linkages is still the subject to argue (OECD, 2002). Moreover, technology transfer can only be accomplished through FDI since trading of goods and services and investment in financial source are unable to fulfill this goal.The countries that get FDI from another country can develop the human capital resources by getting their employees to receive training on the operations of a particular business (Economy Watch). According to the overview of OECD, this human capital enhancement is not only occurring through the efforts of MNE whereas it arises from government policies seeking to attract FDI via enhancement of human capital (OECD, 2002). Besides the effects of MNE in human capital development, the other enterprise which has a direct business relationship with MNE such as their supplier may also produce positive influences on the hum an resource quality. This effect can have a further movement which labor move to another firm or become entrepreneurs. In addition, it is possible for the host country to receive corporate taxes revenues when there is any profit generated by the FDI in that country.2.3 The Factors that affecting FDIFDI movement is basically derived from financial proceeding and non-transaction factors such as price changes, foreign exchanges and other changes during the reference period. In other words, the movement is derived from the differences between the closing and opening positions of the year.There are three factors that make Malaysia attractive to FDI, which have been identified are (1) Malaysias decry currency (2) lower cost of labour and (3) fairly low interest rate (Oti-Prempeh,2003).Generally, firms are always looking that overseas expansion as a necessary way to reach a more effective access in the markets which have low representation. Investments often lead to increased trade flows indicating that trade flows and investments are complementary ( Tyler and Miranda, 2007 ). A set of region determinant is chosen from the literature on the location of US service industries to state the pattern of the Foreign Service firms FDI activity in the US. These determinants are the share of metropolitan population, the agglomeration of domestic producer services, the value of commercial and industrial property and population growth.About their study in the location of FDI and state characteristics within the US, Coughlin et al. (1991) assumed that a foreign firm company will choose to invest in a special state depends on the levels of its characteristics that influence profits relative to the levels of these characteristics in the other states.Besides that, Qian solarise et al. (2002 ) find proof that the value of the FDI determinants flows through the time period. Facility and labour quality are also important determinants of the distribution of FDI. The good foundation a nd labour quality will attract the attention of the foreign investors. Besides, the policy-making stability and openness of that country to the foreign world are also as the important dimension to drawing in the foreign capital. indwelling investment is likely to stimulate the production of global competitors in the recipient country. Market size and growth, barriers to trade, wages, production, transportation and other costs, political stability, psychic duration and host governments trade and taxation regulations, performance requirements, cultural distance, GDP per capita and infrastructure are factors affecting FDI location. While economic growth and technology transfer to the host country are important consequences of FDI, development of technological infrastructure and human capital are critical prerequisites and so antecedents for FDI.Moreover, while psychic distance has been pertinent so far in FDI decisions, its importance might gradually reduce with increasing globaliza tion and development of new digital economy. Institutional and strategic factors into theory . . . need to be considered in bicycle-built-for-two to explain the change in trend of FDI flows (Sethi et al ,2002),.The inflow of FDI includes a raise in the production base, the introduction of new skills and technologies and the creation of employment. Foreign investors increase productivity in host countries and FDI is often a catalyst for domestic investment and technological progress. Increased competition associated with the entry of an MNE upgrades the competency and product quality in national companies, and opens up possibilities for export (Ahn and Hemmings, 2000).2.4 globalisation and the FDISince the early 1960s a large number of theories on FDI have emerged. This proliferation was to a large extent, due to Hymer 1976, and the subsequent recognition that FDI is a manifestation of market imperfection and firm specific advantages. This is the implicit and explicit supposal in most modern theories. The multiplicity of factors involved in production, combine with barriers to the free movement of goods and services, together with the differences in production environment, are also been an increasing number of studies regarding other modes of foreign investment (FI). These new forms of FI activities such as join venture, licensing, franchising, etc seem to have taken on an increasingly important role in recent years everywhere, including developing countries (Oman, 1984).There is increasing understand that trade and FDI are the vehicle that moves globalization. The nature and quantity of determinants and factors that determine FDI inflows into a country depend largely on the barriers-to-trade. In order to encourage globalization, all countries must try to eliminate the barriers-to-trade and provide opportunities for attracting FDI inflows into the country. As the race for FDI inflows among the nations intensifies, the conditions for attracting FDI inflows continue to increase and multiply as well.

Steganography, Cryptography And Watermarking

Steganography, secret writing And Watermar fagotSteganography has been derived from Greek word Stego which means check and Graphia which means writing. Steganography is an ancient proficiency of covert communication. The earliest form of Steganography has been account by the Chinese. The hush-hush kernel was written in very bewitching silk or paper, and and so it was rolled into a ball and covered with wax. The messenger would either swallow the ball or plow it in his chthonian parts. Herodotus has menti atomic bite 53d in one of his seminal works of history, Histories during the 400B.C ab bulge the tradition of un populaten writing. In his writings he has mentioned about the conflicts mingled with Greece and Persia. A king pertaind Histiaeus encouraged the Aristagoras of Miletus to revolt against the Persian king. He utilise to tonsure the stageroom of his most trusted servants and tattooed the scalps with obscure meat and waited for the hair to grow. The servant utilise to travel between the b fellowships without carrying anything contentious freely. At the reception end his head would be tonsured again and the content pass on be conveyed. in like manner during the World War II, the Germans invented the use of microdots. Image containing great details were scurfy down to the size of microdots. The German usage of transcendental sharing is regarded as the recent evolution of Steganography. A nonher example of Steganography is during the Vietman War were the captured US gird force showed hand gestures during a photo sessions to convey some array hiddens. The field of Steganography is limitless and any kind of cover media stooge be apply for carrying secret messages. Cover medias grass be text, run intos (grey, binary, color), audio, video and so on An example is illustrated as follows.Siva and Adam dined happily.The following message is non simply a plain text but it carries a secret message deep down it. By extracting every se cond letter from apiece word we derive a secret message as follows.Indiaformer(a) systems of non technical Steganography is using lime and early(a) citrus liquids to write secret entropy. The message will be imperceptible to the eye. When it is shown over a set fire to the writings will reverse perceptible.Steganography is method of info hiding. Steganography can be considered as an art as well as science for secret communication.The best way to explain the purpose of using Steganography is the Prisoner Problem. presently let us consider two prisoners Alice and loading dock, and Wendy to be the warden. Now if Alice and go after want to devise a plan for escaping then they got to communicate with to individually one other. If Wendy is a passive warden then he wont interfere in at that place communication but if he is an active warden then he will interfere and extract the secret message sent. Hence Alice and Bob got to communicate in much(prenominal) a way that Wendy is not adequate to(p) to decipher thither plan. This can be done by the technique of Steganography.Steganography is been used in order to en sufficient secret communication. It is also macrocosm used by terrorist for covert communication which is potential for endangering our home(a) as well as world security. Despite the ill effect in that location be positive sides of Steganography. For example a photographer can investment company the aperture size, future references etc while taking a picture. Steganography has a wide practise in medical imaging were the details of the patients are engraft within the medical discover. Similarly Steganography can be used for contrary cozy applications. It is also used for copy right protection using it along with Watermarking.The use of Steganography also has an important role in strengthening national security. Steganography is defined as secret hiding. It can also be regarded as secret sharing since messages can be shared secretly wi thout being hacked or corrupted.COMPARISON BETWEEN cryptanalytics, STEGANOGRAPHY AND WATERMARKINGThe other forms of data hiding are cryptology and waterlineing. steganography is a technique in which the secret message is encrypted and sent in an unintelligent format. The basic difference between Steganography and cryptanalytics is that Cryptography scrambles the data whereas Steganography just hides the data. Cryptography scrambles the secret data in such a way that it reckons to be gibberish to any unintended user. The secret data to be communicated is a mixture of permutation and inter exchange and in that locationof any unintended user cant receive the message.Steganography is different from Cryptography. Steganography rather hides the data whereas Cryptography encrypts the data. Steganography provides much more security when compared to cryptography because there is no chance of any unintended user to know that a message is being sent whereas in Cryptography there will always be a suspicion that a message is being sent. Hence these are more prone to be hacked or suppressed.Watermarking is generally used for authentication and copyrights protection. Watermarking can be used for creating a grasp in order that it is recognizable. It can also be used to mark a digital file so that it is intended to be visible (visible watermarking) or visible to its creator ( covert marking). The main purpose of watermarking is to anticipate the illegal copying or claim of ownership of digital media.CHARACTERISTICS OF STEGANOGRAPHY, CRYPTOGRAPHY AND WATERMARKINGThe common characteristic between Steganography, Cryptography and Watermarking is that they transmit the secret information in such a way that only the receiver is able to decrypt the data. These techniques had been prevalent during the ancient times have been transported to the digital world. It has become nearly impossible to extract or detect the secret messages. In digital domain Steganography and waterma rking have a tie and it is majorly used in digital names. These have other uses as well. Both cannot exist by themselves and hence they require cover objects. Steganography requires a cover media to carry the secret information and watermarking requires a carrier object which it is intended to protect. These similarities create a link within them and hence some changes can lead the menu from one technique to another. Due the similarities present between these it is difficult to realize between the both(prenominal) but genuinely there is a remarkable difference between them. Cryptography encrypts data in two methods ripe or unbreakable (e.g. One-time pad) systems and breakable (e.g. RSA) systems. Through both the systems communication carried out is known to all. But it is time consuming and often fruitless to fault a code. The robustness of the code lies upon the difficulties faced while reversing the code in different permutations and combinations. Due to its robustness it is used for security purposes. For example Cryptography is used for online shopping, banking etc. The credit card tally, expiration etc and other crucial informations are encrypted and sent so that an unintended user cant penetration the details.Steganography offers blue carrier capacity keeping plant message invisible and maintaining the fidelity of the cover media. The efficiency of the Steganographic method is that one shouldnt know that a media file has been altered in order for embedding. If the malicious user knows if there is some alteration the Steganographic method is defeated and less efficient. The infix message is very fragile and hence if any modification is done to the stego image th e whole secret message is corrupted. The effectiveness lies on the ability to fool an unintended user. The layers of communication can be more than one layer. A secret message can be infix with a digital image which in turn can be embedded within another digital media or video clip pings.Watermarking is necessary in order for authentication and copyright protection of digital files. The embedded watermarking is required in an object to make it impossible to remove completely. If the embedded watermarking is removed, then the marked object is either distorted or sunk making it useless for anyone. This is the reason why watermarking is more robust when compared to the other image processing techniques, such as compression, cropping, rotation etc. hence even if a tiny bit of information is extracted by modification and tempering the rightful owner can still claim ownership. If the owners name is embedded in the digital image and the particular image then the original information is tampered and destroyed. Unlike Steganography, it is acceptable for everyone one to see the watermark embedded in it including the invisible ones.COMBINED EFFORTS OF STEGANOGRAPHY, CRYPTOGRAPHY AND WATERMARKINGCryptography is used as a paisano of the other two data hiding techniques. data is encrypted in both the techniques in order to increase the randomness of the Steganography to subjugate the statistics-based attacks and to protect the hidden data in watermarking. Commonly it is a dress to first encrypt the data and then use any one of the embedded techniques.The importance of watermarking can be stated as follows. hazard Rs 100 bill is introduced in December 2009 then watermarking is required in order to prevent illegal copies. If the bill is shown in light a small image will appear within the large image. The watermarking is actually a part of the large paper and is visible on both sides. Hence it becomes difficult to produce a paper with such features. In addition to these features some tiny writings which are invisible to the pitying race eyes are present in the paper.A banker having the necessary equipments (magnifying glass) can tell the difference between the original bill and the fake bill. Steganography makes its piddle away here. The tiny m arkering done on the bill represents Steganography. It is apply in order to achieve high security. The tiny printing done in the paper cannot be copied since any commercial printer is incapable to print such a fine and thin print leading to mordant spots. These are the reasons why Steganography is used for high security.Cryptography is actually implemented in the bill. A serial number is been printed in the bill which whitethorn contain information about the location and date of bill is printed or any other confidential information. The unique serial number for each bill can be used for tracking purposes. Using Steganography, Cryptography and Watermarking it becomes impossible to reproduce Rs100 bill. It must be kept in learning ability that all three are different and have different functionality.REQUIREMENTS OF STEGANOGRAPHY whatsoever digital media can be used as a cover media. The cover media can be a text, image (color, gray), audio or video etc. Cover media is required in or der to hide and carry the information. Usually digital images are required in order to hide secret messages. The secret message is hidden within the digital image. After the message is embedded within the cover mediaAn innocuous image consisting of scenery, people and other objects are the nominees for cover media. The availability of natural images is not a problem due to the affordable price of digital cameras nowadays. native images are the best candidates for cover image since they have higher result providing flexibility and other necessary need.Images are selected because the cover media is selected depending upon how the man optical system works. The gray image consists of pixels with enduringness value from 0 to 255. The human eye cannot differentiate between a pixel intensity of 244 and 245. It will appear both the pixel intensities to be same. Also natural image s contains lots of hindrance and hence there is lots of pixel value intensity difference especially in the edges. This variation in the pixel intensity is known as randomness and can be exploited to embed the data without providing any suspicion to human eye. The human visual system wont be able to distinguish between the image before modulation and the image after modulation.The secret data is embedded within the cover image. The resulting image is called a stego-image. The stego-image will appear to be the same as the original image. The human eye cannot normally distinguish between the stego-image and the original image except there is a significant change between the images. In that case the Steganographic method employ is ineffective. Hence there are certain Stego-system criteria which we have to follow while doing a Stegagraphic implementation. They are stated as follows.The major criteria of Steganography that the cover media shouldnt be significantly altered or modified.The embedded data should be outright encoded in the cover and not in the header or wrapper.The embedded data should be immune to modifications of the cover. That is if the cover media under goes any change then data embedded within it should be unaltered.During transmission there are chances of noise to occur and hence distortion due to noise cannot be eliminated. Due to this issue error coding algorithms should be include where ever it is required.It is advisable to avoid the suspicious portions while embedding the message in the cover. This because after embedding in these regions they become open to suspicion. For example by embedding in smooth portions of the image, the resultant image becomes distorted and open to suspicion. Hence such portions are often avoided and portions where there is variation in the pixel intensity are preferred.The embedding efficiency must be improved. Efficiency of the embedding capacity depends upon the number of pixels in the image used for embedding purposes.The stego-image should be robust to steganalysis. Steganalysis is a method of identifying the dif ference between the original image and stego-image. Using steganalysis one can derive the information about the secret message.The stego-image should reassemble the original image and there should be any suspicion.The cover image should have high carrier capacity. That is the embedding capacity should be large. The amount of information present in the image should be resistant to distortion and should be comparable to the number of pixels present in the image.The three basic requirements of Steganography are robustness, capacity and imperceptibility. all these requirements should be satisfied for having an effective Steganographic method.

Hazardous Materials Encountered by Firefighters

Hazardous Materials Encountered by FirefightersIntroductionIts value mentioning that being a relief pitcher is a very hard job. In fact, firefighters put one over to face a batch of stern situations every daytime in which they moldiness be very cargonful in establish non to ache their lives. One of the things firefighters have to deal with is perilous materials. every kind of substance or material that could lead to causing all(prenominal)(prenominal) harm to a human, an establishment or living organisms and surroundings is considered hazardous. On the some other side, there are certain(p) emergency situations where these hazardous materials are left without persist ins or lids and could lead to injuries or burnings to humans. Thats why a lot of organizations provide firefighters with a lot of training programs in roll to inculcate them how to be able to take correct decisions while facing some(prenominal) danger. These programs are very helpful because they increas e the awareness of workers and enable them to specialize any hazardous situation, analyze the dangerous materials and isolate them in dress not to cause harm as considerably as defend the surroundings.Hazardous materials that firefighters encounterOne of the most famous organizations responsible for strain nurtureive cover and guidelines for firefighters to assure their safety is National Fire Protection Association. As a matter of fact, this association managed to create a marking arranging in dress to determine certain characteristics. In case of conclusion these characteristics, the firefighter must subsist that these materials are hazardous and he must be very careful while dealing with them. This system is organise in the shape of a diamond and it has four partitionings. Each partitioning is marked by a divers(prenominal) color and represents a certain characteristic. Here are these four functionsFirst materials that could lead to fountainheadness problems this piece is marked by blue color. As a matter of fact, health issues can be generated from being exposed to something like inhaling gases and could last for different periods ranging between a min and one hour or more. On the contrary, physical efforts and operations done by firefighters during these emergency cases could result in increasing the strength of bad consequences over those employees and could lead to negative outcomes. routine materials that could lead to burning this section is marked by red color. This section contains any materials that could cause raise the risk trains and could expose firefighters to burning. From these materials are flammable gases or liquids. Thats why there are various ways to labialize and put out the fire according to the element of susceptibility of each material.Third materials that could result in producing energy whether they are combined with water system or not this section is marked by yellow color. It similarly includes cases relat ed to being exposed to fire and shock or pressure. Furthermore, materials in this category could be reactive or stable based on the element of susceptibility existed in them. Some of these materials are explosives for instance.Fourth this section is marked in white. In addition, it only mentions information about the characteristics of each hazardous material like whether they are reactive or not with water and if they are capable of being oxidized or not. steps employed to ensure public safety in the event of an unintended releaseIn addition to creating the marking system of hazardous materials, the American Environmental Protection Agency was able to create a protection system to help firefighters and provide them with the right procedures and precautions to be implemented in emergency situations. The Agency has divided these procedures into four levels A, B, C and D.The first level firefighters must wear clothes that offer the highest levels and standards of protection since th ey will have to deal with extremely dangerous substances. Thats why they have to put on suits and boots resistant to any chemical materials, gloves to cover their hands, hats and other garments to protect their faces and bodies. They likewise must be provided with breathing devices in case of being chocked.The second level firefighters in this level have to be provided with clothes to protect their respiratory system. However, protecting eyes and flake off is needed but little than the first level. Thats why firefighters are offered clothes resistant to chemicals as well as breathing apparatuses.The third levelfirefighters in this level cover their faces and are provided with devices to purify air from any toxic materials as well as clothes resistant to chemicals and respirators. They use these suits and apparatuses when they have information about concentration of hazardous materials, their characteristics and types. Besides, firefighters in this level are provided with suits to protect their skin like in the second level. However, respiratory protection is low analyse to level B.The fourth level firefighters in this level are provided with ruler clothes. These clothes are used as uniform for the job since they dont offer any kind of protection whether for the skin or the respiratory system. Thats why firefighters must not put them on in case of dangerous or emergency cases.ConclusionIn a nutshell, being a firefighter is extremely a difficult job. The reason for that is because you can lose your life in any second. Thats why every single firefighter must be careful while dealing with emergency situations. He must also have a background about the kinds of hazardous materials he could encounter in any fire scene. Besides, he has to know how to deal with situations and how to take the right decision under pressure. On the other side, organizations which are interested in firefighters must provide them with trainings and events in order to increase their awa reness and encourage them to face dangers using right methods and techniques. In addition, they have to attract the attention of the whole world to the importance of such(prenominal) job, the problems firefighters might face and health problems they might be exposed do during their daily work. Finally, they have to offer those firefighters with the needed resources and clothes in order to be able to protect themselves well against any danger.ReferencesMetro Graphics. (2001). sine qua non Department Response to Hazardous Materials Incidents. Retrieved from atsdr.cdc.go https//www.atsdr.cdc.gov/MHMI/mhmi-v2-2.pdfNATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION. (2001). unsteady MATERIALS CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS . Retrieved from atsdr.cdc.gov https//www.atsdr.cdc.gov/MHMI/mhmi-v2-a.pdfSandoval County Fire Department. (2013, Dec). Hazardous Materials Awareness Self-Study Guide. Retrieved from bosqueschoolshaw.weebly.com http//bosqueschoolshaw.weebly.com/uploads/2/2/9/0/22907224/scfd_haz_mat_self_s tudy_guide.pdf

Effect Of Humor: Validating Racial Stereotypes

Effect Of Humor Validating Racial StereotypesThe single-valued function of this enquiry paper is to examine the effect of humor on validating racial stereotypes. Race-based postdatedy provides stereotypical misconceptions that fascinate the hearing to accept these racial geniusistics quite a than denounce them. Racial stereotyping in comedy establishes the existence of raci every last(predicate)y defined differences, thus causing them to be regarded as immanent speckle further auditory senses to apply reality to myth. My primary sources atomic number 18 the first and second iron heel second dashs, on which I will perform a stuffy reading of how the two main characters, both of whom atomic number 18 minorities, interact with apiece other. The dialogue betwixt these two characters incorporates many soundly-known racial stereotypes. My tri only ifary sources include studies of Asiatics, blacks, and w scootes watching the films and their responses to the films jokes in the negative portrayals of their particular ply. The movies fall into the buddy-cop pull through genre, which generally includes a white protagonist with a minority chum who frequently gets into trouble. However, efflorescence Hour is fitting to break from this convention and has the gap to comment on the problematic aspects of stereotyping. With articles analyzing the dialogue between the characters as well as providing background history of blacks and Asians, comedy is up to(p) to disguise stereotypes and jokes that in other circumstances people would find offensive. Racial humor suggests that the passage Hour series is adapted to suck acceptability from blacks, Asians, and whites because comedy is a form in which people will not take umbrage at racial exaggerations. Humor functions as rhetoric. It may not sack up the problem of racial stereotyping further it provides the sense of hearing with the ability to look beyond the boundaries of pelt a persistent and co me to understand how the triangulation of whites, blacks, and Asians allows for an infusion of identities.Annotated BibliographyMa, Sheng-mei. Yellow King Fu and shady Jokes. Television New Media 1.2 (2000) 239-244. Sage Journals. Web. 17 January 2011.This scholarly article, written by Sheng-mei Ma professor at Michigan State University who specializes in Asian Ameri support studies and East-West comparative studies documents the start of the phenomenon of pairing an Asian martial artisan with an Afri shag Ameri stop comedian. Ma provides a historical context to movies such(prenominal) as the kicking Hour series, which combine yellow kung fu and black jokes (241). He begins by noting that the genre of kung fu was introduced to the West by Bruce Lee. Although there was no furiousness on black jokes in earlier kung fu films that starred Lee, The Last potassium hydrogen tartrate marks the development of racial depictions. In this film a upstart African American bows, meditate s, and wears the stereotypical Chinese dress (240). The Asian Americans, on the other arrive at, take on black dialect and body cycle per second (240). Ma considers the joining of yellow kung fu and black jokes as a conjugation of convenience for box office profit in which the public supports this collaboration. Films such as gripe Hour contain jokes that include the common common notions of Asians and blacks in American mass media, which would render yellow yellower and black blacker. However, this peculiar couple is suitable to blend with to each one other, creating a racial hybridity. pelt along Hour commissiones on the relationship between the Asian and African American stars therefore, the film offers the likelihood of cross-racial identification. The article provides film theorists and scholars with new understandings of race-based comedy. Mas writings repay my dissertation for the buddy-cop genre has a history of interracial partnerships where race is explicitly sho wn. Thus, besides validating racial differences, such films hybridize todays multi ethnic society.Nishime, LeiLani. Im Blackanese Buddy-Cop Films, Rush Hour, and Asian American and African American Cross-racial Identification. Asian North American Identities Beyond the Hyphen. Ed. Eleanor Ty and Donald C. Goellnicht. Indianapolis Indiana University Press, 2004. 43-60. Print.This expository piece, written by LeiLani Nishime admirer Professor in the Department of talks at the University of Washington who specializes in multiracial and interracial studies, Asian American media representations, and Asian American wedge heel cultural production analyzes the history of Asian American and African American relations. The chapter explains how Rush Hour breaks the general conventions of a buddy-cop film and defies the norms of Hollywood film and generic character stereotype. She utilizes the film Rush Hour as an prototype for its portrayal of race relations with its removal of the white male character. By including Chan as well as ticktack, the film appeals to a wider range of audiences. The purpose is primarily to inform, but it as well as encourages the reader to examine certain films for comedic substitute as well as social and cultural commentary. Rush Hour is a comedy yet it helps the audience to notice the concept of racial power. In rough buddy-cop films, there is always approximatelyone in guard and someone who is simply the follower. The white male will never be the buddy but with Chan and sap, they are almost equals. Nishime is most likely targeting Asian Americans because for an Asian American, America is characterized by both African American and Euro-American society. Rush Hour offers a vision of cross-racial identification and the idea of hybrid identities for there is a convergence of culture in music and film (48). This builds upon my dissertation in that besides an acceptance of racially defined differences, race-based humor can provide a possible changing of racial hierarchy and the quizzical of racial tolerance. Such a composition is more(prenominal) geared towards academia instead of garnering attention from the general public because it provides background information closely Asian/Black relations, applies elevated language, and creates a possibility of a forthcoming state of relations.Park, Ji Hoon. Naturalizing Racial Differences Through Comedy Asian Black, and uninfected Views on Racial Stereotypes in Rush Hour 2. Journal of communicating 56 (2006) 157-177. International Communication Association. Web. 17 January 2011.This explore article, written by Ji Hoon Park Assistant Professor in Communication at Hope College who specializes in Asian stereotypes in the media- analyzes the ideological implications of racial stereotyping. The article, which is a result of sociology employment, explains that though minorities are starring in more mainstream films, a racial hierarchy is still evident. The study incl uded a concentrate on group of whites, black, and Asians in club to analyze subtle re movements and responses to the films implicit stereotypes. Minorities carry to inhibit negative stereotypes but the contradiction that arises is that these stereotypical portrayals charter commercial viability. Rush Hour 2 is an example of this incongruity between racial discrimination in comedy and widespread popularity. Park discusses how the genre of comedy allows for its audience to make an interpretation of racial jokes as harmless for stereotypes are an grievous element of comedy in that they help establish specific character classifications that are based on some truth that has been exaggerated. This supports my thesis because I contend that race-based humor influences the audience to not challenge the established assumptions of race. His study supports this belief since the focus group was able to laugh throughout the completed movie. Most participants did not find the humor perso nally offensive but they do acknowledge that the racial humor has the possibility of becoming prejudiced. In comedy, Park notes that a joke is conceived of as antiblack based on whether a minority is telling it or a white person. some other aspect that creates success for this film is that all races are objects of mockery and bias. position conclusion is that racial stereotypes are problematic because realism in the media encourages viewers to incorporate on-screen attitudes and beliefs into the real world (172). Racial ideology is excessively plant in Jackie Chans performance of the racial myth of an Asian man who excels in kung fu but is culturally ignorant as well as Chris outsmart personifying a coon (159). Furthermore, with the study, it becomes clear that the comedic portrayals of racial traits encourage participants to see the dispirited truths in racially defined charactertistics rather than dispute these distortions. It does prompt the audience to consider that when viewing a comedy, critical analysis is usually slay and this can lead to a belief that racial differences are natural and not culturally created. Park is targeting teenagers and adults because they are able to apply actuality to racial myths and therefore find amusement in the satirical portrayals of race. The anticipated audience could also include scholars since this composition was published in the Journal of Communication and scholars will be more interested in learning almost the responses of black, white, and Asian viewers and how they make sense of racial differences.Rush Hour. Screenplay by Jim Kouf and Ross LaManna. Dir. Brett Ratner. Perf. Jackie Chan and Chris Tucker. New furrow Cinema, 1998. DVD.Rush Hour, leaveed by Brett Ratner one of Hollywoods most roaring directors stars Jackie Chan and Chris Tucker. It achieved commercial success and became the 7th crownwork grossing film of 1998. The plat of the film centers on the kidnapping of the daughter of the Chine se Consol. Inspector Lee, play by Jackie Chan, is gossiped to assist in the investigation because it is viewd that the mysterious Crime noble Juntao is behind the kidnapping. Lee finds himself paired with Detective James Carter of the Los Angeles law of nature Department, contend by Chris Tucker. They gradually learn to work together and are able to reunite the family as well as discover the identity of Juntao. Rush Hour disrupts Hollywoods racial hierarchy by removing white culture and steering on Asian American and African American culture. The film is able to break down the boundaries between races and reconstruct hierarchies, but the enjoyment of many racial ideologies that are integrated within the dialogue and scenes, prove that the jokes influence the audience to reify their own racial beliefs. The film gained positive reviews about Tuckers comedic performance and how Chan and Tucker work rattling well together. This fact supports my thesis of how race-based humor nat uralizes racial differences, so the audience is more likely to focus on the true aspects of a stereotype instead of challenging the warp portrayal. The positive reception proves that there is a paradox between racist representations and widespread approval and acceptance. The movie targets teenagers and adults because they surrender preconceived notions about diametrical racial groups. Without these conceptions, the film would not be able to garner jest but rather offense.Rush Hour 2. Screenplay by Jeff Nathanson and Ross LaManna. Dir. Brett Ratner. Perf. Jackie Chan and Chris Tucker. New Line Cinema, 2001. DVD.Rush Hour 2, directed by Brett Ratner one of Hollywoods most successful directors stars Jackie Chan and Chris Tucker. It received superior box-office r until nowues and is considered one of the highest grossing martial arts films of all time. This sequel to the 1998 film Rush Hour follows Inspector Lee, played by Chan, and Los Angeles Police Detective James Carter, pl ayed by Tucker, and the adventures that they possess. Carter is on vacation see Lee in Hong Kong, but they soon find themselves implicated in a tiredal that involves counterfeit money, which brings them from Hong Kong to Los Angeles and then finally to Las Vegas. Although this movie is a comedic action film, it challenges typical Hollywood films by starring two minorities. charm minorities collect traditionalisticly been casted in the roles of a sidekick or villain, Chan and Tucker are the main protagonists. By challenging the popular notion that the track role features an individual from the dominant white race, Rush Hour 2 proposes the possibility of a cross-racial bonding between an Asian and an African American. Chan and Tucker both embody the stereotype of their particular race Chan is a undecomposed Asian man yet extremely skilled in Kung Fu, while Tucker is a tall African American who acts childish and seems very impulsive. To the everyday viewer, this movie serves as an entertaining comedy, but for such representations of race to be humorous, the audience must unconsciously accept or believe the stereotypes to be somewhat true. Thus, supporting my thesis that besides entertainment, the movie proves that race in comedy generalizes and influences people to accept racially defined characteristics. The movie targets teenagers and adults because it implies that a previous understanding of stereotypes is indispensabilityed for the jokes to make sense and take a crap their intended response, which is laughter. orbiculate Strategic solicitude Advantages and DisadvantagesGlobal Strategic guidance Advantages and DisadvantagesStrategic counseling is the process by which strategies and policies are put into action through the development of programs, budgets and procedures can be further explained that an geological formations objectives must be identified in order to develop such policies and plans. The Chief decision maker Officer (CEO) and execut ive team should implement such plans. Strategic Management provides overall direction to the whole enterprise. The organizations schema must be give up for its resources, circumstances, and objectives. (Wheelen and Hunger 2006 p. 16.) Strategy can also be defined as the procedures involving development, drafting, implementation and assessment of multi functional decisions that are employed in an organization or fast(a) so as it attains its short term and long term objectives, its the criteria used in specifying the firms mission, vision and developing of policies and plans and how to implement them with the intention of achieving the stipulated objectives. It further assigns resources for implementation of policies, plans, projects and programs. Traditionally strategic centering has been employed on a local anesthetic anesthetic basis where the objectives and plans are not world(a) oriented, but lately the traditional concepts have been embraced in a world(prenominal) directi on i.e. extending the skills in a world scale perspective.Global strategic management offers a clear insight on the effect of globalization in business management and organizations and hence it demands that managers should respond in the similar or higher intensity in order to reap in the high benefits that come with it, Managers and CEOS have to understand that the global phenomenon does not just come into play by do your firm global but they are required to develop models that embraces and resists strains from multinational networks of subsidiaries and ensure the models considers the required persistence of robust and momentous cross national differences with these in play and appreciation of the transformation that exists across borders and continents politically, culturally and economically Global Strategic management can be achieved and dividends passed on to the investors.Global strategic management involves a chasten on conceptual tools that help in navigating through the often self-contradictory and ambiguous mass of information, market, working rung and to sum it all up this all make and estimated on an international platform. There exists a series of servants that have to always be kept on the qualify and always be incorporated in the complex decision making procedures that characterizes this level of business management. Managers and business executives at this level have to appreciate the differences between the multi-domestic and global nature of running business at this level, traditional strategic management concepts which have proved successful in local mount have faced challenges on a global compass and given back futile results this in a way have led to extensive losses by the restoreed firms. With this in caput firms that are already running on a global setting or have this as a future close have not only have or plan to have a solid global strategic plan thats strictly tailored for the specific firm but have to in depth ha ve a set of monitoring and evaluation criteria of exactly what type of global strategy is theirs and and will it earn them long-term profitability and value.Due to the nature and extremity of running global firms many management techniques are to be employed, this have to effective integrate all the different departments in a synchronised and harmonious manner, this in itself boosts the overall management and performance of the firm. Global management requires employee management from the department heads to the lowest staff on the command bonds where each and every staff of each firm has to have a clear definition and understanding of the companys objectives, mission and vision. While this is being done employees have to understand that with more powers comes extra responsibilities and hence part of the strategic management plans should involve sufficient management accountability, communications and oversight from the top executives and for this to be easily achieved and in a successful manner their responsibilities have to be broken down in processes and tasks that can be easily reflected in productivity and profitability terms. And to easily attain these and continuously stir up the employees in achievement of the overall company global objective direct communication channels should be created and lower placed staff should be encouraged to use the open communication means for the attainment of the goal and their role in it should be well appreciated. In addition since on a global perspective the employees base is wide and shares extreme cultural and relational ways of lives the global firms should be able to compliment this in their employees and not fight it this is an important motivational practice especially for the workers.Global firms lease to also employ a detailed study research and SWOT (Strength, reekingnesses, opportunities and threats) analysis, and this should be done not on their already existing markets but on a wider and more chall enging global perspective. The readiness of the firms in a global welkin need to be canvass and in them more research should be done in order to maximize on their potential so as to enjoy the entire benefits of being a global firm. The weaknesses on the other hand should not at any time be pushed aside since they define the loophole if hit well can drain the company back to the ground, hence all the weak links should be investigated and be well covered in a strong strategic defence mechanism. On the other hand the opportunities that openly lie and exist in the strategic plans of the firm need to be intelligently harnessed or tapped and full benefit accrue from them. Lastly like in the local business management global arenas also exposes the business to threats which are even more complicated than the local ones, hence when developing the strategic plan for the wider market a deeper scan is mandatory and once all are identified ways of restrain them in case anything crops up ne ed to be developed, this had to be cautiously done though since one might by fear browbeat away for rucuitive opportunities by not risking. Some few changes also need to be considered when developing the global plan, increase in the number of staff in order to match the extensive work load that comes up with the global market, other mechanisms employed by firms is the change of trade name names and adopting of new and re-branded tags that sell the firm as a global entity and is more convincing to the market. The marketing of the firm as a global entity also need to be done but extremely vigorous so as to expose the firm clearly to the markets especially the global market. semipolitical differences and interferences have also been some of the most important factors for consideration in the development of a firms global strategic plans. The management has to take into consideration that the firms doesnt perform under similar political backgrounds and in each body politic they are involved the case is extremely unique and its specific conditions need to be considered and thought of completely carefully since the differences experienced from one ground to the other are important. Some of the most successful global firms even go to the extent of exchanging favours for business favours this has proved important and successful to those firms. In their planning the forms also employ social procedures which they serve the local communities with and this increases their popularity. agonistic Tactics are also very important in global strategic management, even though the market increases with size, the players in the market also increase a firm need to develop means of staying aimless in the market. The tactics have to be modern enough and able to make the customers chose it over other competitors in the market. They should be tailored to each specific consumer in each country in a language, olfactory perception and tongue they understood.Advantages of global stra tegic managementLower marketing beEconomies of scale in production and distributionAbility to leverage good ideas quickly and efficientlyHelps to encourage ancillary industries to be set up to cater foUniformity of marketing practicesPower and scope physical structure in brand imageHelps to establish relationships outside of the political arenaFrom the above its clear that this and more benefits are obtained from global strategic plans and this can be easily seen from first the scope of the work the firm does, this brings in more returns from the economies of scale that can be obtained from this. They also encouraged interaction among other firms global ones and this opens up chances and experiences for expansion one firm is able to learn from another an hence improve on areas the firm was weak before. The extended demographic coverage done by this firms also makes them gain firsthand experience on handling large number of clientele, data, resources and hence from their large port folios they can easily develop even to larger firms by expanding their global strategic plans.The advantages gained from management of a firm on a international perspective range all over business management, and if the opportunities are carefully taken and the risks technically mitigated against the success of any company on a global perspective is very imminent and should be pursued though carefully by any developing firm from any location on the globe.Disadvantages of global strategic managementDifferences in consumer response to marketing mix elements.Differences in consumer needs, wants, and usage patterns for different products.Differences in product placement at the market.Differences in administrative procedures of the company between different employees and the employer.Differences in the legal environment, some of which may conflict with those of the al-Qaida market especially when dealing with countries in the developing world.Differences in brand and product development and the competitive environment.Differences in the institutions available, some of which may call for the creation of entirely new ones (e.g. infrastructure).In a case where the global recession affect the developed worlds like our country,this may greatly affect the strategic management of the companies and this in turn affect different branches of the same company in different parts of the world, this is a great disadvantage. variant parts of the world have different laws governing investment and some of the laws and rules are hard on the foreign investors,therefore creating a big reverse gear to strategic management of the different companies.REFERENCEShttp//www.palgrave.com/business/lasserre/www.wikepedia.comhttp//mimm-ltd.com/Documents/WSGEC2009_UK_Program_Book_7-15-09-.pdfhttp//www-management.wharton.upenn.edu/mcdermott/files/MGMT655.pdf

the yellow wallpaper -- essays research papers

How Passivity and Submissiveness lead to madness by Charlette Perkins Gilman and Henrik IbsenHe told me all his opinions, so I had the like ones too or if they were different I hid them, since he wouldnt have cared for that (Ibsen 109). As this quote suggests Charlotte Perkins Gilman, in The discolour Wall-Paper and Henrik Ibsen, in A Doll House dramatize that, for woman, silent passivity and submissiveness back end lead to madness. The vote counter of The Yellow Wall-Paper is driven to madness after she withdraws into herself. I am alone (Gilman 44), she tells us. Desperately trying to express her feelings to legerdemain, she says I told him that I rattling was not gaining here and that I wish he would reside me away(Gilman 46), but I stopped short for he sit up straight and count oned at me with such a stern reproachful look that I could not say another(prenominal) word. rather the narrator keeps tranquility. She settles into quiet submission I am often more quiet than I was. John is so pleased (Gilman 48). She is afraid to irritate John or to make him uncomfort fitting (Gilman42). She makes herself believe that as a physician he knows whats best for her and, therefore, acts passive voicely, letting John control her steady though she gets unreasonably angry with him (Gilman40). Writing in her journal is the unless thing that keeps her sane yet John takes that away from her I must(prenominal) put this away-he hates to have me write (Gilman 41). The narrator yearns to confess to John how she really feels, but she prefers to keep her feelings bottled up I think sometimes that if I were to write a little it would relieve the pressure of ideas and rest me (Gilman 42). Instead, she is passive and hides her emotions. I cry at nothing and cry most of the time. Of flow I dont when John is here, or anybody else, totally when I am alone (Gilman 44). She tells us that John doesnt know how much I really suffer (Gilman 41). Even when the narrator tries to communicate with him, he immediately dismisses her I tried to have a real near reasonable talk with him, but John wouldnt hear of it (Gilman 40). Instead of speaking her mind and standing up for herself, she withdraws and does not say another word(Gilman 47). Convincing herself that John is always right, she obeys whatever John says, which only causes her condition to worsen despite the fact ... ...y Torvald He used to foretell me his doll-child, and he played with me the way I played with my dollsI went from atomic number 91s opens into yours. You arranged everything to your own taste, and so I got the same taste as you-or I pretended to Now when I look back it seems I have lived here like a beggar-just from hand to mouth (Ibsen 109). Rather than be sheltered (Ibsen 108) by him unlike Gilmans character, Nora is able to speak up for herself and confront her past.Both Nora and the narrator of The Yellow Wall-Paper suffer from their silent passivity and submissiveness. Nora Helm er, who nearly lost her mind (Ibsen ), is able to save herself by being assertive and speaking out, confronting Torvald, her past, and her need to set herself in the ways of the world. Unfortunately Gilmans character keeps her feelings inside, and, as a result withdraws into herself and constitutes insane. The narrator asserts her disjunction from reality as she tells John Ive got out at lastin spite of you and Jane...and you cant put me back (Gilman 53), sloughing off the person she once was, Jane to become the woman in the paper.