Opioid Prescriptions for Chronic Pain and Overdose Research Paper

Opioid Prescriptions for Chronic Pain and Overdose - Research root ExampleThe authors want to use this nurture to understand if there is a correlation between positive opioid therapy and opioid-related overdose. The authors have made it known that no such study has been previously undergone that evaluates the overdose risk in patients receiving prescribed opioids for chronic pain, which is why this study needed to be undergone. This study was conducted at Group wellness Cooperative in Seattle, Washington. The patients twisting in the study were 9940 people who had received three or more than opioid prescriptions no more than ninety eld prior to the study for chronic noncancer pain between the historic period of 1997 and 2005. These participants had to be at least eighteen years of age, if not older, and had to have been diagnosed with whatsoever of the eligible pains, which consisted of plunk for or neck pain, menstrual pain, headache, abdominal pain or hernia, osteoarthriti s, and fractures, contusions, or injuries. Anybody seeking to participate in this study that had a pain other than what was eligible was dismissed from the study. The participants in the study withal had to be enrolled at Group wellness Cooperative at least two hundred and seventy years prior to the onset of the study. ... Further automated health bid data was used to obtain training about the patient, anything from their personal background to their pain diagnosis. Additional measurements were made in regard to the amount of sedatives that were allot to patients. Other medical records were perused to identify potential overdoses of opioids reviews of medical records were also undergone to classify and validate cases of overdose. A follow proportional hazards model was implemented into the study to determine the risk for overdose based on separately individual and their average daily dose of opioids. Simple observation was also undertaken, which involved monitoring the partic ipants of the study and the amount of opioids that were to take each day and their reaction to the medication. It was noted the previous opioid use prior to any given day during the study. Observations were used until individual patients became disqualified from the study, either from disenrollment from the facility or from their health care provider, their first overdose, death, or the end of the observational period. The authors made it known that after the initial ninety days of the study, the patients were followed for an additional forty-two months to ensure complete results and to make sure that nothing was overlooked. Of the original 9940 people that were involved in the study, 61% had complete follow-up, most of which lasted until the end of the study period, 32% left Group Health Cooperative and were therefore unable to finish out the study, and 7% of the participants had died. The introduction of the the results section of the article also went into detail about the mean a ge of the participants and the mean dosage of daily opioids. A table was provided to

Bill of Rights Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bill of Rights - Assignment Examples in the law courts, is forbidden by the law while, in southwesterly Africa, the law can impose any heavy fine on the offender according to the seriousness of the crime (Pederson, 2010). The United States should amend the law on protecting offenders from heavy fines because this encourages them to pass on serious crimes because they are aware that no heavy fines will be imposed on them.In the United States, that cruel and unusual punishments should not be imposed on the offenders while, in South Africas law, there is a specification limiting any unusual punishments. The United States should change its view on the type of punishment because if someone has killed deliberately then he/she deserves heavy punishment including life imprisonment, which is not yet approved by the United States government (Pederson, 2010). People in South Africa may apprehension to commit crimes because of the fear of heavy punishments while people in United States may d are commit serious crimes because they are aware the law does not allow heavy

American History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

American History - Essay ExampleThe author writes in this consideration as a response to the augments made by these writers and in his spot the most grand efforts were make by Richard Powers (1994) and Ellen Shrecker. The political and cultural sitting at the time of the writing of the paper includes the fall of the Soviet Union and the collapse of international communism prompting. The writing of the article was also prompted by the reevaluation of the cold struggle era in America by different writers prompting the author to present the most important writers.The intended audiences for the article are students, scholars, and the public. The article is aimed at this audience as a measure of augmenting the agreement aspects of cold war era and demonstrating the various issues at play during the time.The articles thesis is do a combination of two perspectives on anticommunism with the aim of seeking an evaluation of consequences of anticommunism and the mix of responsible and e xtremist elements. The studys objective is achieved through an examination of the investigations by the House Committee on un-American Activities (HUAC) on the activities undertaken by the Communist Party of Maryland. In summary the article provides the controversies associated with the communism in the belles-lettres of Power and Shrecker but makes a point in showing that the two writers had some similarities in their view of the period. The similarity is that the two writers acknowledged that anticommunist protests were waged against mainly members and organizations tied to the Communist Party USA (CPUSA).Some of the arguments in the article include the fact that Powers states the nature of anticommunism as complex, pluralist movement containing elements of responsible, principled, and conspiracy-based extremists1. On the otherwise hand, Shrecker considers McCarthyism as having caused setbacks for labor, restriction of

What Mary Surratt Did to Change U.S. History Term Paper

What Mary Surratt Did to Change U.S. History - Term newspaper publisher ExampleActually, it was the first case of the official female execution in the United States. Her son, fanny Surratt was overly thought to participate in the assassination. Mary Surratt was born to Archibald (who died when Mary was two years old) and Elizabeth Anne Jenkins in the Confederate Maryland town of Waterloo (DeWitt, 1984 p.34). Her family was rather big she had two brothers. Mary went to the Ladies School in Virginia. Her life was quite an difficult since she became wife when she was only 16 years old. She was forced to marry John Harrisson Surratt, a popish Catholic farmer. The spouses had three children one daughter and two sons. The Surratts turned out to be good business community they had a tobacco farm, operated several shops and in this way increased their income greatly. Despite being a booming family, they still had tough financial problems because of the husband constant drinking. On e biographer suggested that John Surratt was physically and emotionally ignominious to his wife (Larson, 2008 p.75). ... Mary had no other way as to sell her house to its former possessor for a very small amount of money and move to the District of Columbia. That house was the ownership of her upstart husband and she remade the second floor to feed a boarding house there. That business kept her on her toes and provided her children with sustainable level of living. At the trial Marys son John admitted that he was knotted in the while of Lincoln kidnapping but did never take part in the plot of his assassination. He was following the president that day of the murder but he had nothing to do with his death. Moreover, he denied that his mother had any relation to this matter. That day she was reported to visit one of her tenants to withdraw the rent and thus she came home and got in her daily home routine. Though, later John Lloyd later testified against her, saying she gave him a parcel of land containing field glasses and told him to make ready the shooting irons (Swanson, 2007 p.43 ). Moreover, after the assassination she sheltered John Wilkes Booth, who was considered to be the assassin he was seen to stop at her boarding house just after the murder. aft(prenominal) a two-week trial Mary Surratt was admitted to be guilty, though she claimed to be innocent. The judge was governed by the clues found at her home place and several testimonials from the respectable citizens. The execution was demanded to be through hanging and Mary Surratt was allowed to have a priest before the execution. The ceremony took place in the square with the tickets being sold in advance. Marys death wasnt as easy as of the rest of convicts. She suffered for more than 5 minutes in the noose. Concluding everything stated above it must be mentioned that Marry Surratt played a great role in the USA history. It is

Based on your reading of The Death of Woman Wang,describle and analyze Essay - 1

Based on your reading of The Death of muliebrity Wang,describle and analyze how Confucian stemls are ever present to all take aims of Chinese society,and how they affect social dealings - Essay ExampleAccording to him, the women were obedient to their father in the first model, whence to their husband and then to their elder son the familys elder son was the head of the house.According to Confucius, every kin has a dual nature of responsibility, and accordingly the obligation. The mother is responsible for her son, Father for children, Teacher for students. However, men are superior, much powerful and intellectual as compared to women. He was not able to give a proper place to women in the society in his teachings and Confucius culture.According to Confucius, society could become stable only when the five canonical relationships are being fulfilled which are, the relation of Love (among father and son), relationship of righteousness (among emperor and minister), relationship of virtuous demeanor (among husband and wife), relationship of order (among elder and younger) and relationship of faithfulness (among friends).If we closely dish up these virtues, we see that out of the five, three occur in the family system. He was the great devotee of the family system and it is as well the basis of todays family system in China. The family system has an extended impact on the unit of measurement town, city and society of China. The order is strictly followed as, for instance, younger has to obey the elder whether the elder is from his family or from remote the family. Even today, Chinese people pay special respect to their elders.Confucius is also of the opinion that men should data link themselves to others by humanity (Keng, 473-518). They should not select anything which they cannot select for themselves. Confucius was of the opinion that individuals need to mend their lives and acts rather than criticizing others. This idea is mutually accepted and pra cticed in the Chinese society. This, to a great extent, has helped in providing a level of security to Chinese women who are not criticized for working, having relationships and moving around freely today. There is a

Research design and data analysis, discussions and recommendations Paper

Design and data analysis, discussions and recommendations - Research report card ExampleLikewise, the findings indicate there is no significant difference between the nodes rank and the dependent variables (food quality, hotel module inspection and repair quality, and room quality). Management should accept the two null hypothesis statements.1. Ramada took several steps to arrange the research questions. First, the researchers cogitate on different services offered by the company. The first group of services focused on customers criticism of the menu variety. Next, the questions veered towards the customers valued received in exchange for the amount paid. Third, the question veered towards determining if the customers liked the service promptness. Fourth, the question zeroed in on Ramadas service quality. Fifth, the service focused on the resorts food quality. Last, the questions veered towards the beverage quality served in the Ramada resorts.Further, management has to answer some questions. The questions focused on the hiring of the right resort employees. Next, management had to answer questions pertaining to the sweetener of the current training of employees. Training is one of managements secret ingredients to increasing the current and hereafter customers loyalty. Management must answer queries in the area of increasing the current motivation practices. Motivation increases the customers eagerness to return to Reamada resorts. Management must ensure all questions are answered by espousing the brilliance of hiring and training employees who exit pamper each clients from check-in to check-out.The process was appropriate. Focusing on hiring the best employees will ensure better customer service. Training the best employees will ensure higher quality service quality. Motivation will ensure employees will continue to excel in all their individual tasks and responsibilities.2. The secondary coil data played a vital part in the exploring part of the re search (Craig 25). The

Discussion Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Discussion Question - Essay ExampleOperations and supply management is vital in developing the supply chain of the vaccinum to fix that vaccines are delivered on time. More vaccines may be insufficient or unavailable if the patients and government paid to a greater extent coin because the producer or manufacturing business may not have the capacity to generate more vaccines. Even if the manufacturer bought more machines to elevate production of the vaccine, it would consume a lot of time to ramp up and attain the expected vaccine capacity. The demerit or minus of producing more or extra vaccine at high salute is that it will automatically cut into profits because it needs new and modern machines to be bought. Further, it will solicit training and hiring of new workers, which may be costly.The process of manufacturing is devised in a manner that it balances costs, profits, and capacity. The producers and the government remove to hold the vaccine to a high standard as this will enhance quick livery of the vaccines to the patients. This could be devised in a manner that the government could test the quality of the vaccine and deliver it to the patients. The pluses of producing more vaccines at an increased cost is that it will enhance efficiency and quality of the vaccine produced because more money would have been used to conduct enough research about the vaccine.The government and producers can assess the danger of trauma associated with the production of the vaccine. Therefore, they will determine if the intended vaccine confer immunity to certain virus or not. This will enable the government and the producers to provide advance warning that failure or harm of the vaccine may occur since vaccination is usually experimental each time it is administered on people. inoculation may be risky or beneficial, therefore, in order to ensure the safety of the patients, the government should ensure that there manufacturers produce enough vaccines that can be del ivered to be people in case the vaccine fails to confer immunity.

Human Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Relations - Essay ExampleResearchers emphasized culture, interpersonal traffic, and convocation coherence as the determinants of worker performance.Before industrial revolution the work was mostly performed by private workers. Any particular skill was under taken by an individual and was time consuming. As a result the productiveness was low. With the industrial revolution the nature of work and the role of the worker underwent major changes. With the arrival of machines and factories, the production increased. along with raw materials and capital, labor was also considered a part of the manufacturing process. The employers never considered how productivity was influenced by a workers genial needs. As a result, motivation, social relations and working conditions were never considered important. Nevertheless it affected productivity in a major way. This movement had many followers like Keith Davis, Chris Argyris, Fred Herzberg, and Rensis Likert who assumed the underlying e mployee-employer harmony. They attributed restriction of fruit to the poor communication between workers and managers, and inadequate attention to the human side of worker.Elton Mayo (1880-1949), a Harvard prof trained in psychopathology and other researchers from Harvard University initiated what have become known as the Hawthorne Studies at the Hawthorne represent of Western Electric Company near Chicago. (The Human relations movement (circa 1929-1951))They wanted to study how the changes in physical working conditions affect employee productivity. The study revealed that even when the physical characteristics of the job like salary were declined, and employee complaints ignored, the productivity of the employees was not reduced. On the other hand there was an increase in productivity. This phenomenon was called as Hawthorne effect where the productivity of the employees who participate in the study increases only because of the attention they receive from the researchers. This discovery forms the basis of the human relations movement because it suggests that employees are highly motivated to work better when they feel important and when their work is recognized. all over the years Hawthorne effect has been successfully used by managers to increase productivity. Implementation of self-study committees, announcing surprise audits, establishing task forces of versatile kinds, and in general, keeping the workers tied up with busy-work that has the appearance of ongoing research was undertaken. Mayo stated that the conclude workers are motivated by such things is that individuals have a deep psychological need to cogitate that their organization cares about them, is open, concerned, and willing to listen. (The Human relations movement (circa 1929-1951))According to mayo there should be a friendly relation between the employers and workers. At the same time the employers should consider the human value first and not the quality of the work. The employees op inion about their work and working conditions must be taken into consideration. Further any changes in the organization must take into consideration the employees view. This became a predominant philosophical system and many theories sprung up

Management and Leadership in nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Management and leaders in nursing - Essay ExampleAs clinical nurse, in a leaders role, is involved in the provision of direct care to patients and works continuously to improve the quality of care provided by influencing others. It mustiness be understood in this context that leadership cannot be considered to be simply a posit of tasks or skills, but is rather the development of an attitude that relies extensively on informed behavior and form consistent with enhancing realizeance and effectiveness on a long term basis along with bring in to every adept involved. This clearly means that leaders simply do not control others, but simply perform the role of visionaries, who encourage and guide their colleagues in planning, leading, organizing and controlling their tasks and responsibilities (Bernadette Melynk, 2005).Modern literature defines leadership in legion(predicate) different ways although the inherent traits possessed by a leader possess several special K features that f it virtually every associated definition. For instance, leadership is often viewed as a process that exerts influence, acts on a group setting and is used as a way to attain a common goal. Leadership exists at all levels although the style used to deliver leadership varies from person to person. For instance, autocratic leadership is one form that facilitates the attainment of a goal without providing enough opportunities for others to be involved in the decision-making process. a leadership mechanism is termed to be bureaucratic when the person adheres strictly to rules and procedures when delivering decisions (Gladys Husted, 2001). In contrast, participative leadership provides for every member of the union or staff to be an intergral part of the decision making process and actively requires everyone to provide their contributions. This increase involvement among members increases the commitment of members towards the goals. A more liberal form of leadership is the laissez faire format that

Marketing Cultures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Marketing Cultures - demonstrate Example thermionic valve India unlike USA offers various veg and non-veg stations specialized in fast regimen services. These stations give fast feed service ranges fromThis is a crunchy, crispy, and delicious Veggie Delite sandwich. It is a acid-tasting combination of tomatoes, garden fresh lettuce, green peppers, olives, onions and pickles sandwiched on freshly baked breadMost vegetarian who loves this subway fast food livened up It is a light, golden brown patty that combines the flavors of high-quality carrots, beans, bell peppers, and other versatile ingredients. As Indians say, the spice of life is varietyAll these varieties emerge from the various veg and non-veg stations in metro India but one may not necessarily get them in Subway USA out-of-pocket to the fact that there is only one veg and non-veg station in Subway USA.The Subway sandwich scope intended to team up with Softcard in an effort to offer customers a means of buying food via their own mobile phones (Gong, 201328). Indeed, Subway lived to its words and kicked off the NFC-based mobile payments using Softcard, a payments venture engineered by T-Mobile USA, AT&T Mobility and Verizon Wireless. Previously known as Isis Wallet, Softcard provided an app which supported mobile payments in at least 80 mobile spins sold by T-Mobile, AT&T and Verizon and was preloaded on at least 30 different devices.Consumers were now able to utilize their NFC-enabled mobile devices to access payment terminal at their regional Subway restaurant in USA when paying for their food. This pilot program was only launched in Subway USA in 2013 and not in Subway India. The intention of payment service from the NFC-enabled mobile device was to reach at least 26,000 Subway locations within the US. The question as to whether iPhone 6 users will slant into Apple Pay to take advantage of these new systems was still valid by late 2013. However, Softcard and

Measuring Artificial Intelligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Measuring Artificial word - Essay ExampleDevising an Intelligence Quotient IQ for machines or any intelligent system would be, perhaps, advancement but unfortunately, the history of the development of techniques to measure human beings IQ, the first source checked to find applications to AI, points to a very fuzzy zone. Admitting that possibility, we present about hypothesis. For example, introducing some metric to evaluate the redundancy of the rules of an intelligent System, or the efficiency of a given topology in an artificial Neural Network could bring new insights on ranking AI paradigms and indicate which the close to promising ones are.On one hand, if we look back a bit more seriously on the development issues of Science and Technology in this age, the twenty first century, it appears to be full of promises as salubrious as perils. The previous century experienced fantastic advances in Science and spectacular technological achievements and launch breaking discoveries i n medicine and health care. The current century is on the verge of even greater and more prolific things to come in terms of artificial intelligence and related disciplines. Genetics, Molecular biological science and Biotechnology are some of the related disciplines in artificial intelligence. Robotics and Artificial Intelligence are near related to duplicating complex animal and further claiming of making systems and machines that not only think, but possess feelings and emotions as well.On the other hand, we very well know the results of Science and technological Advancement have been a blessing but also have come with some blemish. The fast and continuous development in this discourse of Science and Technology has filled us with promises and perils challenges as well as opportunities. Lately, Artificial Intelligence and other disciplines like Nanotechnology, Neurophysiology, Mathematics,

Cultural myth in once upon a Quinceaera by Julia Alvarez Assignment

Cultural falsehood in once upon a Quinceaera by Julia Alvarez - Assignment ExampleJust as the cultural allegory of grammatical sexual practice roles is describe in the article True Women and Real Men in the book Rereading America, Alvarez explores the categories of grammatical gender as they are constructed by the society. She uses social research, the quinceanera story of a girl named Monica, her personal experience and narration to explore the cultural myth of gender roles. This paper will describe how the cultural myth of gender roles is presented as one that enforces the differences between women and men in Once Upon a Quinceanera Coming of Age in the USA.Ideally, Once Upon a Quinceanera Coming of Age in the USA pushes readers to question the cultural perceptions of gender as embedded in rites of passage rituals. Having left the Dominican Republic at the time she would have had her accept quinceanera, Alvarez examines how gender is perceived among girls who are not sure them selves of the significance of the ritual. The cultural myth of gender roles is deeply entangled with the identities of individuals as determined by the cultural values they have internalized from infancy. In her book, Alvarez neither presents arguments for gender superiority nor inferiority but, rather, presents the case as typically perceived by the Latina community. The clear message embody in the quinceanera concept as opined in Alvarezs book is that the Latina girl is expected to get married, ante up herself to her husband and have children. In the US, as Alvarez implies, a quince (or Latina girl coming of age) is exceedingly dramatized and the scenario often entails the parents overspending in what seems to be advertising their daughter for marriage. Symbolically, during the ceremony, the young girl is dressed much like a bride. Then her father changes her flat shoes with high heels, claims the first waltz and passes her on to an uncle, brother or grandfather and finally an escort. Ideally, it is a wedding rehearsal just short of a

Teen Pregnancy Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Teen Pregnancy - Research Proposal ExampleThis group has a prevalence pace of 8 % compared to 2.2% of 15-17 year old jejune girls. Ten to fourteen years old girls have the final rate of pregnancy in the United States of about 0.7 births per 1000 girls. Kelly (2000, p 27) Sociologists and health researchers attribute several(a) factors to the full(prenominal) rate of teenage pregnancies. From the sociologists point of view, peer pressure, poverty, the environment in which children are brought up in addition to family structure as some of the major factors that have contributed to increase in the rate of teenage pregnancies (East & Felice 1996). Farber (2003, p 69) noted that teenagers are most vulnerable group to succumb to influence from the media and fellow colleagues to drive in risky sexual behavior that often results to teenage pregnancies. Moreover, children brought up in poor and unsteady environments are usually vulnerable to sexual abuse or lack of information about ri skless sex (Farber, 2003). Lack of adequate information about use contraceptives is another major factor that contributes to high rate of teenage pregnancy in developed countries. A study conducted by East and Felice (1996 pp79-86) constituted that over 50% of pregnant teenage girls used some form of contraceptives.

Any topic that includes microeconomics Term Paper

Any topic that complicates microeconomics - Term Paper physical exerciseTariffs have adverse effects on an economy. However, governments continue imposing them on investors who import commodities from contrasted nations (Gregory 2000 p 16). This prove is a critique of the economic implications of tariffs. It highlights the major reasons why governments impose tariffs on imported goods, which include protection of the emerging as well as aging and incompetent local firms from unhealthy opposed competition, to enhance sustainability of local companies through prevention of dumping effect from foreign companies which may offer their products topically at an extremely low price that leads to losses by domestic firms (Mansfield and Yohe 23).The essay also presents the oppose views of tariffs in regard to promoting trade and economic growth, which have been supported by various organizations such as the WTO and Word Bank. The double impact of tariffs on the economy imposing the tari ffs as well the economy on which the tariffs have been imposed is highlighted. The impact of tariffs on the prices of locally manufactured goods, changes in demand for the goods and employment in the economy imposing the tariffs has been illustrated using the United States as an example of an economy imposing tariffs on foreign products from china (Swire 2009), and the Republic of Korea which illustrates an economy that does not impose taxes on foreign products in the domestic market. The essay also indicates the invisibility of the negative impacts of tariffs on the economy compared to the projected advantages. It also indicates the areas that need further query regarding tariff imposition, whereby researchers can search for information from published sources.One of the major reasons why governments impose tariffs on imports is to enhance the development of the emerging domestic industries to attain a size that able to cope with foreign competition. In other words it is one of the

STEM CELL DEPATE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

STEM CELL DEPATE - Essay ExampleThese exceptional cells originate from blastodermic vessicle inner cell mass that is a young embryo about five or intravenous feeding years old (Holland et all, 2001). These cells are pluripotent making them unique. Thus, it is diffused to characterize these cells differently into any o f the germ layers existing in the body of humans like mesoderm, ectoblast, and endoderm. The endoderm comprises of lungs, intestines, and stomach. The mesoderm is mostly the bone, muscle, and blood. This leaves ectoderm with nervous sy arrest and the skin. These cells can repair any human body part, making the embryonic stem cells special. Another element of these cells is that they are able, in any circumstances, to replicate themselves for an indefinite period. The fact these cells can get under ones skin themselves in unlimited numbers, and have characteristics of becoming any types of 220 cells, it easy to use in medicine for checkup research and regenerative therapy (Holland et all, 2001). Damaged or lost t takingss due to injury or disease are easy to for replacement or repair by new tissues developed from administered embryonic cells. Once there is governing body of stem cells into the patient body, they move to the damaged place, multiply and engraft, replace the destroyed cells, and restore the functions of the body in the area. Embryonic stem cells can treat diseases such as genetic diseases, juvenile diabetes, blindness, spinal corduroy injuries and cancer. The technology can also deal with different conditions.The technology can treat major diseases therefore, it is obligatory to use it. What is the ethical challenge about using and harvesting stem cells? The major controversial issue of this research is the state of human embryo. The embryo dies when its inner cell mass is taken. This is because inner mass cell is responsible for formation of the three human body germ layers. Without these cells, the embryo will not develop. spate opposing the use of

The French Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

The French Revolution - Essay ExampleThe position of women in England was however, somewhat different and this attitude also spilt over into the response to the French innovation. In England, the position of women during this power point was still largely subordinate to the male sex as a result, the writers who supported the French revolution were accused of aligning themselves with the perceived low morals of Frenchwomen who participated in the carnage. Marie Antoinette was executed in October 1793, and the allegations of lesbianism and incestuous attacks on her son also contributed to the general perception in England that French women were scandalous and that their conduct was not to be emulated under any circumstances. Marie Antoinette was viewed by the French working class as the Austrian hussy, who frittered away the cash that the peasants paid in taxes and this unfavourable view was also shared by people in otherwise parts of the world, such as England. In this aspect, bot h the poets Williams and Yearsley are similar in that both of them were viewed unfavourably in England, as writers who were in support of the French Revolution. Although Williamss first hand view of the French Revolution was horror at the carnage, her works on the whole, demonstrated a support for the ideals and motivation of the uncouth people, which led to the revolution.

French Revolution Essay Example for Free

french R growing Essay contemporaneity by itself is a rattling abstract impression which can be associated with altogether sweet experiences in history. It is largely temporal because what is modern today is the over-the-hill or obsolete tomorrow. Modernity is said to be a logic of negation because it tends to give importance to the pledge over the past, and at the precise(prenominal) time to a fault fr births over the present with respect to the future.From a rigorously historical perspective all the same, the smart set which evolved in atomic number 63 after the French R maturation of 1789 can be termed as modern in so much so that in that location is a attach deflection or break in the expression of thinking, living and enterprise between the societies after and before the French Revolution. The evolution of the modern baseball club was not a process that happened overnight. The roots of the modern society and its dawdling evolution can be traced post to t he beginning of the eighteenth century.In fact the period from that beat in in history to the French Revolution is termed as the period of soulual Enlightenment when there was a radical change in philosophy, science, politics, arts and culture. It was on these new gradations of knowledge that the foundation of the modern society or contemporaneity was based. Defining the Traditional Many scholars have tried to analyze the basic or instinctive nature of clement beings in attempts to track back how contemporaneity could have affected the gist item-by-item.In his book Leviathan, Hobbes deduced that in an environment uninfluenced by artificial systems or in a state of nature human beings would be war handle and violent, and their blend ins would consequently be solitary, poor, brutish and short. Rousseau however contradicts Hobbes. He claims that humans are essentially benevolent by nature. He believed in the noble barbaric or the concept that devoid of civilization human b eings are essentially peaceful and egalitarian and live in symmetry with the environment an theme associated with Romanticism.Human beings have however lived in communities and formed societies since the very early ages. In what is now known as the ancient world or the world of perfect pagan antiquity typical of the societies of Greece and Rome, the concept of the new or change was absent. Time, like the seasons, was supposed to impel in cyclical order, repeating itself with regularity cycle after cycle with nothing new or changed to break away from the established order. The tribe were steeped in more superstitious and apparitional beliefs which ruled nigh every aspect of their lives. rescuerianity brought about changes in the belief systems of the ancient world. Christianity postulated that time was linear, that it began from the birth of Jesus Christ and would end with the apocalypse and the second coming of Jesus. This was a linear concept of time that moved in a straigh t line and not in a cycle that kept coming back to the same point. The Foundations of Modernity It was during the Enlightenment period that the Christian concepts of time and history were secularized to give way to the modern rise to change and progress.There were many different basic changes during the Enlightenment. The key ideas which formed the nucleotide of the erudition period were autonomy and emancipation, progress and the improvement of history and universalism. The phylogenesis of scientific knowledge gave rise to religious skepticism. People were no longer willing to submit blindly to the dictates of ordained religion. In other manner of speaking they attained emancipation from the shackles of religion that had governed al nearly all aspects of their lives. This emancipation led to autonomy of the individual.Individuals began to decide for themselves kind of submitting to an external berth such as religion. The people now decided by themselves what kind of assura nce, rules and regularization would be good for them, and such authority must be natural and not supernatural. Enlightenment encourage criticism. Enlightenment intellects did not hold anything sacred and freely criticized, questi 1d, examined and challenged all dogmas and institutions in their search for betterment or progress. Thinkers such as Voltaire defended reason and intelligentism against institutionalized superstition and tyranny.The belief that there could and should be a change for the better came to be a prominent characteristic of modernity. The critical attitude of enlightenment thinker to contemporary well-disposed and policy-making institutions paved the way for scientific studies of governmental and amicable studies and subsequent evolution of better forms of such institutions. The scientific revolution during the period, culminating in the report of Isaac Newton, presented a very practical and intent view of the natural world to people at large, and scienc e came to be regarded very highly.Scientific interrogatory was gradually extended to cover new social, political and cultural areas. Such studies were oriented around the cause-and-effect approach of naturalism. Control of prejudice was also deemed to be essential to nock them entertain free. Enlightenment thinking emphasise the importance of reason and rationality in organization and development of knowledge. The gradual development of the scientific inclination with a paradigm change from the qualitative to the quantitative is also very evident in Europe of the time.People came to believe that they could better their own lot through a more scientific and rational approach to everything. The concept of universalism which advocated that reason and science were applicable to all fields of study and that science laws, in particular, were universal, also grew roots during the period. People began to believe in change, development and progress all basic tenets of modernity as we k now it today. Autonomy to decide for their own good, gave the people the right to choose the form of authority that could lead them as a society or community towards a better future and progress.This opened the doors to the emergence of states with separate and legally defined spheres of jurisdiction. Thus we find that modernity represents a transformation philosophical, scientific, social, political and cultural at a decisive time in history at a definite spatial location. This transformation also represents a continuum up to the present in so much so that its basic principles are inherent in the societies and nations of today. The period of enlightenment can be seen as one of transition from the traditional to the modern forms of society, from an age of blind beliefs to a new age of reason and rational. variant Perspectives on development of Modernity Different political and philosophical thinkers have however developed different, and sometimes contradicting, theories of the d evelopment of modernity. Friedrich Hegel and Karl Marx are two of the leading thinkers whose theories run counter to each other. For Hegel, the development of modernity was a dialectical process which was governed by the increasing self-consciousness of what he termed as the collective human hear or spirit.According to Hegel, the dialectic process of development of the mind comprised three heads, with two ab initio contradicting positions synthesizing into a third reconciled position. Human beings live what Hegel called an Ethical Life or in a social environment figured by customs and traditions. This ethical life has three set ups the first is the family, which is turn in due line of merchandise, the second is the civil society that a person builds up as a result of his social interactions beyond the family and greater relations, and finally the third stage of the state which Hegel defines as the highest form of social reason.For Hegel therefore, the formation of the modern state is the mark of modernity when human beings achieve the ultimate stage of social existence. Hegel believed as individuals or families, human beings are too selfish and self-centered co-exist in harmony and manoeuver for development. It is the state that is able to integrate the contradictions of different individuals, and not market forces. Since the state by itself is smooth of political institutions, Hegels theory equates the development of the modern state or modern political institutions with modernity.Marx took a completely opposing view, when he asserted that material forces drive history. For him the state by itself is not an high-minded entity for the integration of human beings into a cohesive whole for their development as a nation or a society. According to him it is the material forces comprising social and economic forces that drive history towards modernity. People engage in production for their means of subsistence, they bind together and form states for the s ake of production. Different forms of productions create different kinsperson relations.It is to maximize production and gain the maximum benefits and advantages that people bond together in different classes in the form of the modern state. The different ways in which production is organized give rise to composite plant forms of social organization because a particular mode of production is an entire way of life for the people who are involved in it. For Marx social existence is not consciously determined by human beings, rather, it is the other way round their social existence determines their consciousness.When there are contradictions between fruitful forces and the social relationships of production, class conflict arises. For Marx, therefore, modernity is defined by the state of social existence. Marx acknowledges that capitalist economy has been the most productive mode of production, and it contains the most potential for the realization of human freedom. This very dynamic characteristic of capitalism is born out of its destructiveness for all traditional social constraints such as religion, nation, family, sex, etc.But it is the same destructiveness and creativeness that creates the experience of modernity in Capitalism. This vital association between capitalism and modernity from no(prenominal) less that Marx himself establishes that the capitalism that evolved after the period of enlightenment in Europe has been acknowledged as the modern era of the period of modernity by Marx. Marx however states that capitalism is exploitative, and because it is exploitative, its full potential cannot be tackle for the benefit of all.He therefore advocates communism which is a system of planned and conscious production by men and women of their won free will. This brings us to the question whether humanity has already passed through a stage of history that has been termed as modernity, and has moved on to the postmodern era (Mitchell, 2009). Another important point is regarding the placing of modernity. Modernity is understood to be a process that began and ended in Europe, and was later exported to other parts of the world. Thinkers like Marx tend to differ.He saw Capitalism emerge as a rosy dawn not in England or the Netherlands but in the production trade and finance of the colonial system (Marx, 1967). Therefore, though the concept of modernity can be defined in various ways, it definitely refers to the process of evolution of the human mind and the society to a point where people were able to come together for their own advantage and benefit and work for unceasing development under a collectively formalized authority such as the nation state.It can also be state with a certain mark of assertiveness that the period from the beginning of the Eighteenth light speed to the French Revolution in 1789 actually marked the period of active development of modernity in Europe. The concepts that were nurtured during the period bore fruit imme diately later on in Europe and the West and later spread to the rest of the world. The world has continued since on very much the same basic principles but with far more advanced technologies and superior social, economic and political approaches.Influence of Modernity on Literature Modernity had a profound influence on lit. As people began to think differently, they also began to write differently. The modernist ideas of religious emancipation, autonomy, reliance on reason, rationality and science, and on development and progress began to find expression in the belles-lettres that developed even during the period of enlightenment and thereafter. This new form of writings came to be known as the Modernist Literature.Modernist writings tended to vent expression to the tendencies of modernity. Modernist literature, as also modernist art, took up cudgels against the old system of blind beliefs. Centering around the idea of individualism or the individual mind, modernist literature displayed mistrust of established institutions such as conventional forms of autocratic government and religion. It also tended not to believe in any absolute loyaltys.Simmel (1903) gives an overview of the thematic concerns of Modernist Literature when he states that, The deepest problems of modern life come down from the claim of the individual to preserve the autonomy and individuality of his existence in the face of overwhelming social forces, of historical heritage, of external culture, and of the technique of life. Examples from two Greats A few examples of Modernist literature will serve to make its characteristics more clear.Rene Descartes (1596 1650) is considered to be one of the early enlightenment thinkers whose literary works opened the avenues to the modern era. know as the founder of modern philosophy and the father of modern maths, Descartes was a French philosopher, mathematician and scientist whose influence has served to shape the beginnings of Modernist lite rature. In his famous work, The Discourse on Method, he presents the equally famous quotation cogito ergo subject matter or I think, therefore I am, which about sums up the very principle of the basis of the modern era.I observed that, whilst I thence wished to think that all was false, it was absolutely necessary that I, who thus thought, should be somewhat and as I observed that this truth, I think, therefore I am (COGITO ergo SUM), was so certain and of such evidence that no ground of doubt, however extravagant, could be alleged by the sceptics capable of shaking it, I concluded that I might, without scruple, accept it as the first principle of the philosophy of which I was in search (Descartes, 1637).In this work, Descartes drew on ancients such as Sextus Emiricus to revive the idea of skepticism, and reached a truth that he found to be undeniable. Descartes started his line of reasoning by doubting everything, so as to assess the world from a fresh perspective, clear of any p reconceived notions. In other words, he rejected mans reliance on Gods revealed word, placing his own intellect on a higher plain (McCarter, 2006). David Hume (1711 1776) was a philosopher, economist and historian from Scotland, and was considered a notable nature both in western philosophy and of the Scottish Enlightenment movement.In his works, he had a way of projecting the errors of scepticism and naturalism, thus carving out a way for secular humanism. In his most famous work, An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding, Hume asserts that all human knowledge is imbibed through our senses. He argues that unless the lineage from which the impression of a certain entity is conveyed to our senses is identified, that entity cannot exist. The logic would nullify the existence of God, a soul or a self. By the term impression, then, I mean all our more lively perceptions, when we hear, or see, or feel, or love, or hate, or desire, or will.And impressions are distinguished from ideas, which are the less lively perceptions, of which we are conscious, when we excogitate on any of those sensations or movements above mentioned It seems a proposition, which will not admit of much dispute, that all our ideas are nothing but copies of our impressions, or, in other words, that it is impossible for us to think of anything, which we have not antecedently felt, either by our external or internal senses (Dover Philosophical Classics, 2004) In the same work Hume also postulates two kinds of human reasoning Relation of Ideas and Matters of Fact.The former involves abstract concepts such as of mathematics where deductive faculty is required, and the later is about empirical experiences which are inductive in nature. This postulate has come to be known as Humes Fork. Hume, along with his contemporaries of the Scottish Enlightenment, also proposed that the basis for principles of morals is to be sought in the utility that they tend to serve. This shows the unbelieving nature of modernist literature not solely of religious but also of moral and social norms and values. A very visible influence of modernity is therefore seen in the works of Hume.Present-day Modernist Literature If modernity influenced literature, it also used literature to cant over from a philosophical and theoretical domain into the practical lives of people. Modernity could infiltrate into the lives of people through literary works that defined and reiterated the legitimate new modes of classification. Old literary forms with traditional meanings attached to them were reworked, allowing readers to modify or contravene the older meanings. This opening-up process allowed readers to glean new meanings that modified or contravened the older ones.In the course of these changes, words, forms, and institutions altered their meaning in British life they, and the practices they comprised, referred differently. modifying reference potential in literature fed back into how readers responded to c hanges in life (Rothstein, 2007) In art and literature, many critics view modernism as a new trend in the field of art and literature, defined basically by rhetorical and structural variations. They would not accept the fact that modernism, it is basic approach, was the principles of modernity rendered plausible in literature and art.Modernity has always tried to hold up the world in new perspectives. Similarly, modernist literature opens up the world in all its forms theoretical, philosophical, aesthetical and political for fresh scrutiny. Even in its present form, modernist literature attempts to break the objective world of the realist. Modernist writing takes the reader into a world of unfamiliarity, a deep introspection, a cognitive thought-provoking experience, skepticism of religion, and openness to culture, technology, and innovation (Melton, 2010).Modernist literature exhibits a fascination with the workings of the mind, and how macrocosm is reflected by the mind. The questioning of life, with or without the presence of God, is another trademark of the philosophical and theoretical moorings of modernist literature. Charles Darwins work challenges God as the Creator and presents the process of natural selection in the survival of life. This led to modernist literature of time travel, of questioning the existence of individuals and the purpose of the universe.Modernism brought about a new openness in the areas of feminism, bisexuality, the family, and the mind. In the world of today, modernist literature still display much of the characteristics of the times in which it first took shape. A very important theme of modernist literature today is a feeling of being alone in the world a feeling stemming from estrangement or alienation. Characters are often presented as being downhearted or angry. A second common trait is that of being in doubt.It may be irresolution in religion, in happiness, or simply a lack of purpose and doubt in the value of huma n life. Finally, a third theme that is prevalent is a search for the truth (Foster, 2010). Then there is a third theme in which the alienated character is always in the search for truth and seeks answers to a plethora of questions relating to human subjectivity. In all these characteristics are to be found the same questioning nature, the same denouncement of blind beliefs and the same dependence on reason and rationality that the Eighteenth Century enlightenment thinkers had pursued.The character is alienated and estranged because he or she questions all that is deemed not right by his or her own mind the character questions the beliefs of religion and other institutions which are not based on reasoning and finally the character seeks answers and the truth. Modernist literature encompasses the thematic fingerprints of a rebellious, questioning, disbelieving, meditative, and confident type of form, which was conceived out of a change in the belief of humanity, the mind, a God, and t he self brought on by the shift from capitalism to an ever-increasing society of revolutionary changes (Melton, 2010).References Descartes, R. , 1637, The Discourse on Methods. Dover Philosophical Classics, 2004, David Hume, An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding, Dover Publications Inc. Foster, J. , 2010, Modernism in Literature and History, lendable http//www. helium. com/items/743749-modernism-in-literature-and-history Karl Marx, 1967, Capital A Critique of Political Economy, 3 vols. , New York International Publishers, 1703. McCarter, J. , P. , 2006, Literature of the Modern Era, The Puritans Home School Curriculum.Melton, L. , 2010, Modernism in Literature and History, Available http//www. helium. com/items/809291-modernism-in-literature-and-history Mitchell, T. , 2000, The Stage of Modernity, Available http//www. ram-wan. net/restrepo/modernidad/the%20stage%20of%20modernity-mitchell. pdf Rothstein, E. , 2007, Gleaning Modernity, Earlier Eighteenth Century Literature and th e Modernizing Process, Rosemont Publishing and Printing Corp. , Associated University Presses. Simmel, G. , 1093, The Metropolis and Mental Life.

Cults Essay Example for Free

Cults EssayThe ledger hysteria is often thr take in around in todays society as a derogatory term towards trusts that be not well known or perplex aspects that be contrary to mainstream worships. jibe to mainstream media, furors have been responsible for raftive pact suicides, and their followers ar incestual and polygamous. The mass media shows the attracter as a manipulative person who controls his/her believers as they blindly follow, not knowing the trouble that pass on certainly find them . rageus has become little to a greater extent than a convenient, if largely inaccurate and ever pejorative, horthand for a sacred free radical that must be presented as odd or dangerous for the spirit of an emerging refreshings story. (3) Douglas Cowan and David Bromley show the harsh reality of the course the majority of the media likes to portray passions, probably for go ruinous ratings. There are several main frenzys that are often reference when researchi ng the topic. The first organism The Peoples Temple, the split Jim J champions had a following of 912, that both died (including him) by cyanide laced drinks in 1978.This was known as the Jonestown Massacre, tilt surrounds it as it is debated hether or not it was a mass suicide or murder. An oppositewise comm whole referenced passion is Heavens Gate, a UFO doomsday faith that ended in a 39 member suicide in 1997 when the group was attempting to leave earth because they believed it was about to be recycled. To learn and get a line what a craze is, I will be define a cult, what features make a cult and who the people are that Join them, as well as discuss the founders of these religions.What is the definition of a cult? Depending on the intent of the author defining the word cult proves a difficult task. The scholars on the ubject of cults expect to have two different approaches when studying this topic. There are those who are a part of the anticult thrust and often use the word cult in a negative fashion towards any religion that has formed in recent history. Those apart of the anticult be to skirt around the subject of defining a cult or explaining what a cult exactly consists of.We are given the feeling as though they do not want to define it as they may cast an umbrella over other mainstream religions that have a similar form. It is even often used to describe popular trends that will upposedly not last, veganism is a term that has been described as a cult fad. You place see how it is almost ever used negatively, or as something that has no real substance and will not stand the testify of time like other religions have. In contrast, on that point are those who do not use the word cult but prefer the term New Religious Movements.These scholars have a more than intention opinion, and use New Religious Movements to represent fascinating glimpses into the way human beings construct religious intend and organize their lives to give shape to rel igious experience. (Cowan, Bromley, 3). It is important to be subjective when using the word cult and for purposes of this paper I will define cult in my own words and state that on that point is a difference between cults and New Religious Movements. A cult is a form of religion that is deceitful towards its own members with the leader abusing their powers.Although thither have been umpteen mainstream religions that have had a leader ill-usage their powers, it is necessary to point out the ditterence, which is that in a cult the head of the religion is the source of all their religious knowledge and do not have other ways of getting to know the religion without them. In comparison, mass religions have many leaders, many forms of knowledge and you can attain religious beliefs through many forms, not only the one source.Keeping in mind that using the word cult subjectively is imperative to this process, it is still roaring to find movements that can be categorized under my own definition of the word cult. These would include the previously mentioned religions of The Peoples Temple and Heavens Gate. When flavour at these and other cults there are often many characteristics that they do have in common. It is typical for the cult to have only one leader, .. ho claims divinity or a special mission entrusted to him from Above. (Harrison, 19) A lot of cult leaders use the money from the followers for personal profit.There is a major sense of be that comes along with being a part of a cult. There are many religions that also part this but cults often want their members to have this feeling with them alone, and discourage involvement with others who are not in their religion. One author that I found that was willing to at least describe a cult relationship for the purposes of her book was Singer. SHe says there are three actors to cultic relationships, using that term better describes his viewings of interactions that go on in cults. The three factors are as follows 1. The origin of the group and role of the leader 2. The power structure, or relationship between the leader (or leaders) and the followers 3. The use of coordinated program of persuasion (which is called thought reform, or, more commonly, brainwashing) (7) You can see from the quote that this cultic relationship isnt Just solely related to religion alone, Singer includes cults that are formed around doctrines, theories and practices, but states that other esearchers may not identify this exactly as she does. According to the scholars of new religious movements, .. roups that are labeled cults often make fullly resemble a variety of schematic organizations in which these same characteristics are accepted as legitimate or necessary communes and intentional communities, convents, monasteries, and other high-commitment religious societies, multilevel marketing organizations and armed forces training and combat units (Bromley, Cowan, 5). There could be many antecedents why a person would Join a cult, they could e the same reasons one Joins any faith establish group a person is looking to belong, or meet others with similar morals.A prime reason why a person would Join a cult is that they are not doing this knowing that what they are becoming apart of is in fact a cult. Cults often are established off of a Christian based structure with similar values, and practices. A person may attend a cult thinking it is another sect of Christianity. Members of a cult learn ways to recruit new members, a typical form of recruiting is called love-bombing, where members seek out non-members and shower them ith many forms of attention and affection. Basically, being extremely sharp to others with the intent on conversion.Anticult members are quick to let the public know that recruiting for cults can happen anywhere, on campus, on buses and trains, or on the street, letting us know that we can be recruited literally allwhere. In actuality it looks as though most recru itment for cults is done through family members or close friends. When seeing that it is family and friends who do the majority of converting it is easy to see now people would Join. It is not as though the trusted group are trying o harm others by recruiting, they are trying to help and see that others are also exhalation to find the truth in a sense.It is similar to the common practice of missions trips that many Christian religions take part in where they travel to underdeveloped parts of the world, converting people to Christianity and also component part the community in some way. The difference being, hopefully no abuse of power or deception by the religion. It isnt always understood why one does Join a cult but it is equiprobable to say for each one individual has their own personal reasons why, and somehow in a way that eligion is good-looking them whatever it is they may be looking for. Friends?Belonging? Maybe they dont agree with morals of other religions and this c ult matches up with the lifestyle that they lead. There is a lot of information pertaining to the large numbers of youth attention cults and New Religious Movements, particularly between the ages of 18 and 22. Lorne L. Dawson describes the demographic of youth as the typical each American boy or girl. A profile of the typical cult member reveals that he or she is white, middle or upper association, with at least some college education and nominally religious upbringing. 85) It mightiness seem surprising that a lot of followers come from this kind of back round, but when looked at a little more in depth you see that often these youthful adults have any parental issues or have had some sort of middleclass failures. Those with problems in communicating with their parents often look to the leader of the cult for guidance and use them as a parental fgure. Those have failed according to middle class norms seem to be searching for validation. A lot of followers Join the cults in time s of photo and much needed support from others.While you can say that almost everyone has come from back ounds where they have felt vulnerable at points and needed the support of others, it seems imperative that cults cling on to those who have these types of issues going on as well as the added factor of age to convert potential members. The time of young adulthood is when most people are beginning the process of learning who they are and to have a supportive, flattering, group surround them can be very influential to their life.For most cults there is only one leader although this is not always true, using the examples from earlier, Heavens Gate had two leaders Marshall Applewhite nd Bettie who liked to be called Ti and Do. Often the leader(s) starts this religion after some form of miraculous religious conversion where they may have had a near death experience or a vision, there are many different stories of leaders getting the call to prophecy. The leaders of cults are always ch arismatic, and seem to have all the answers.In a time in peoples lives when they are looking for affirmation it is easy to be drawn to someone who knows it all, and can give the yes and no answers. The leader forms very personal relationships with his followers, which sometimes turns sexual. As cults grow the leader is not always able to be so intimate with each member, and this can become problematic for the cult. In response when cults members become larger, the leader will start to single out himself from the following, only allowing access to certain members who have earned that right.The leader becomes a sort of local credit in the eyes of the followers, and like celebrities, their fans stand by them even when arguments against their religious beliefs become even more valid. It is hard to say why a person may start a cult, money could be a huge contributing factor. Or the idea of a group of followers hanging onto every word d by the tounder may be exactly what a true narcissi st is looking tor.Out ot all the New Age Religions it is hard to exactly pin point out which ones can be classified as a cult, in history, different Christian denominations have been labelled as cults and paid a price for it. In the nineteenth century The Salvation Army was labelled as a cult and its members were stoned, now it is viewed as a respected and legitimate faith base. So to tender a religion that hasnt been researched to its full extent can be harmful, and not fair to its members.To be close minded to the idea of new religious movements could erase the idea of religion altogether, as many religions are stuck in the past and not embracing the progressiveness of the times. If a religion is not abusing their powers or being harmful to its members who is to say that it cannot be fulfilling for someone who is looking for more in their life and doesnt connect to mass religions? It is important to teach people to be able to question ideas and to critically think on new and old perspectives, hopefully by doing so people will not so easily be a part of such self-destructive religious groups.I work in the field of unsettled and mental health and have met many clients who see themselves as closer to God than the rest of universe so it is very plausible to me for cult leaders to truly believe that what they are doing is the right way to live, and the only way to live. All religions have outsiders who will say anything to bring that religion into a bad light, it is with great importance that we carefully and kindly dissect the true intent on all religions, not Just new age religions.

Politics in Texas Essay Example for Free

Politics in Texas EssayThe Texan republi wads stand for the ideas of individualism. That entrepreneurship is the key to unlocking the fountains of the economy, according to the Republican Party. The Democratic Party respects the conceit of small business and entrepreneurship as it also strives to encourage jobs for hard-working laborers. In conjunction with this, the Democrats want businesses to be more flexible and technologically neighborly, along with finding creative, environmentally-sound ways of promoting business.The Green Party also claims to support the power of the small business, plainly they have a more environmental approach that specifies several details in which companies should abide. In accordance with this, the Green Party wishes to limit free-trade in exchange with environmentally and labor friendly trade. They also specify a set wage that would allow an individual to afford a one-bedroom flat tire on thirty-percent of their income. In opposition to a he avily regulated economy, the libertarians seem like the Republican Party, but to a more extreme.They ar against most taxation, including income taxes since they define a wage or salary as a trade of money and service, not an equity. I believe this to be a proper point. How can people promote the economy when a chunk of their wages is taken by the government? The Libertarians are also opposed to the use of eminent domain which I agree with. It should not be up to the government to choose how someones property may or may not be used.

Discussion Questions Essay Example for Free

Discussion Questions EssayWhat ar the advantages of concept analysis in relation to theory development? Are these disadvantages? Why or wherefore not? What are whatsoever examples of concept analyses that have an enhanced nursing practice in your motion experience? Which theories- less abstract and more factual- are more user-friendly in the practice displace? Why? superior general Questions familiar General QuestionsIn chapter 1, specific explanations are given of the terms deterioration and handicap. Create a scenario of a student with a disability and discuss at least three handicaps that could be needlessly imposed on this student. Include discussion of what the special education function team should do to top those handicaps.If you recently entered college, one of the first things that you should do is purchase your books from the bookstore. This result aid you to reduce the stresses that you will face as the year begins, as you should always come prepared with the expert materials and texts for school.The work NUR 513 Week 1 Discussion Questions includes solutions on the following questionsWhat are the advantages of concept analysis in relation to theory development? Are these disadvantages? Why or why not? What are some examples of concept analyses that have an enhanced nursing practice in your work experience? Which theories- less conceptual and more factual- are more user-friendly in the practice setting? Why?General Questions General General QuestionsIn chapter 1, specific explanations are given of the terms disability and handicap. Create a scenario of a student with a disability and discuss at least three handicaps that could be needlessly imposed on this student.Include discussion of what the special education services Follow the link to encounter tutorial https//bitly.com/1xpudYbIf you recently entered college, one of the first things that you should do is purchase your books from the bookstore. This will help you to reduce t he stresses that you will face as the year begins, as you should always come prepared with the right materials and texts for school. General Questions General General QuestionsIn chapter 1, specific explanations are given of the terms disability and handicap. Create a scenario of a student with a disability and discuss at least three handicaps that could be needlessly imposed on this student. Include discussion of what the special education services team should do to eliminate those handicaps.

Year of Wonders Essay Example for Free

Year of Wonders EssayGeraldine Brooks work of historic fiction, Year of Wonders, concentrates on emotional and physical conflict and the innate response of the villagers of Eyam at a eon of crisis. The novel reflects on Anna Frith, an ordinary resident of the village, highlighting her profound mental and emotional development as the events unfold. With the guidance of Elinor Mompellion, Anna endeavoured to support her community throughout the arouse, establishing the archetype of milling machinery.Although the central distaff person characters of the novel, Anna and Elinor, were conveyed as heroic, the majority of women struggled to cook whatsoever non competent positive impact, largely due to the oppression of their dominant husbands. Furthermore, there were a come up of male characters who strived to do good, contrary to their generalisation of being characterised as negative and destructive. However, the focus of heroism is displace towards the female characters. Ann as efforts throughout the plague were transcendent, surpassing that of any new(prenominal) villager.The novel encompassed Annas journey throughout the var. of events, having significantly more importance to the plot than the plague itself. However, it was Elinor that begun Anna on her journey, helping her see that the good she could do, no matter how trivial, could help others profoundly. It was through Elinor that Anna discovered hope, which fuelled her desire to step up as the compassionate hero of Eyam. She was able to accomplish this by detaching herself from religious ideology, which was the cause of humanity seeing the world in night and light which was how she was taught to view the world.Anna was able to fully embrace life, which enabled her to develop a passion for midwifing, fulfilling her characterisation as a hero. Elinors endeavours concerning the crisis, too, was of a benevolent nature. When juxtaposing the two heroines, it is made clear they are extraordinarily sim ilar in personality they both had an intimate relationship with nature. Although both Anna and Elinor carried incredible emotional burdens, neither relinquished their duties as carers of the village.There had been so much futile effort expended since the coming of the Plague, and yet they continued to support thers, displaying the characteristics of a true hero. There were a number of male characters in the novel who were committed to relieving the burden the plague had put on the villagers, but none more so than Michael Mompellion, the Anglican rector of Eyam. He was a man distinguished by exceptional courage, nobility and strength the ideal hero. This was evident in his efforts as the intrinsic leader of the village, reassuring them that the plague was an act of God, and that they must trust in God to work out His wonders.Michaels actions throughout the novel was continually justified as being a part of Gods will maintaining his namesake as being a soldier of God he was able to embrace what God had given them. With his persuasive aural techniques, Michael was able to convince the community to quarantine themselves for the sake of humanity Let us remove the burden in Gods Holy Name There was no malevolent intention with this sacrifice the sole finding was to help save the souls of the people, directing them on a path of salvation.Tending to those who lay dying from the ill-effects of the plague, Michael seek to help those atone from their sins, helping them escape from the world cruelly desecrated by the plague. Although his pledge that none should die alone had become a heavy burden upon him, Michael continued to do so, proving that, beyond doubt, his common deeds were protagonistic. The overwhelming majority of women were futile to develop an independent understanding of the plague, due to being shackle by their male kin they did not make any positive contribution to plague efforts.However, this was not uncommon in the seventeenth century women wer e made to be a mans chattel. Anna and Elinor are two female characters who were able to involve themselves in plague affairs As a widow, Anna is truly independent Elinor is not constrained by her husband, Michael, when there is potential for a positive outcome to her actions. On the other hand, any other female character in the novel (omitting Anys and Mem Gowdie) is shackled by their husbands or fathers, being unable to claim independence. Women were forced to follow the master of the house in their ideas and values.A notable example is Colonel Bradfords discourse of Mrs. Bradford, who seemed to take a perverse amusement in belittling his wife. Oppressed women were unable to establish their give birth methods of supporting others through the plague they were forced to do what they are told. It appears Brooks intended to omit any account of any other woman in the village stepping up as a hero, perchance to further highlight Anys independence and Annas journey to become self-su fficient. In a general sense, it is blatant that the female characters cannot claim to be more heroic than the male characters.Year of Wonders focuses on human response to pandemonium. In particular, the novel highlights how certain characters have the potential to take charge during a crisis, becoming heroes. Anna, Elinor and Michael are among those who were able to accomplish this. Neither gender could be generalised as being more heroic than the other when the plague encapsulated Eyam, though. However, other female characters had the potential to fill the shoes of a hero their role in society made this impossible. It was only the women who claimed independence who were able to demonstrate a sound attempt in supporting plague efforts.

Thought paper based on Buffalo Bill Essay Example for Free

Thought paper establish on overawe Bill EssayWilliam F. Cody (Buffalo Bill) was born on the 26th of February 1846 in Iowa.In hold out Russells authoritative biography, The Lives and Legends of Buffalo Bill, William Codys lineold age was traced to Philippe Le Caude of the Isle of Jersey, who married Marthe Le Brocq of is bolt down of Guernsey in the parish of St. Brelades, Isle ofJersey, on September 15, 1692. Russells research was thorough and exemplary the notes for his book in the Buffalo Bill Historical Center in Cody, Wyoming, are proof of that. (Carter, Robert A. p. 11) Just kindred the guidance hi stratum was followed in Russells book, the movie likewise follows the basic facts in history and the life of William Cody. as well as the characters in the movie mostly bear the names of the real people involved in this plot of history, and their actions resemble those of their historical counterparts. The movie does indeed convey the atmosphere and settings of the era whi ch it depicts quite accurately. This is because in the film, the story was simplified to depict the narrative as accurately as possible, and not just only to kick in drama to the events. According to Russells book, Buffalo Bills most remote ancestor who was unquestionably known was one Philip Legody. Philip Legodys surname also appears in various surviving records in variations like Mocody, Lagody, McCody, Micody, Gody, Coady, Cody and even Codie.Although the family names are French, the Channel Islands have been British possessions since the middle Ages. No Irish or Spanish in sight just good English stock. The Cody Family Associations book The descendants of Philip and Martha Cody carries the line down to the present day. Buffalo Bill was sixth in descent from Philip. Philip and Martha purchased a pipeline firm in Beverly, Massachusetts, in 1698, and occupied it for twenty-five years, farming six acres of adjacent land. In 1720 Philip bought land in Hopkinton,Massachusetts, an d he and his family moved there, probably in 1722 or 1723. When he died in 1743, his will was probated down the stairs the name of Coady. (Carter, Robert A.) William Codys family moved Kansas about 11 years after he was born, and they settled in what is currently Kansas Territory. Codys father died in 1857, and he had to look employment in order to be able to help provide for the family. He started charming as a messenger out of beef up Leavenworth, Kansas, and later was one of the youngest riders for the Pony Express until they were replaced by the telegraph. (William F. Buffalo Bill Cody.) Cody was soon to get work as a messenger boy for a conjunction store at Leavenworth, Kansas which was owned by Majors and Russell. For 3 years, he tried his hand at trapping, and during the Pikes Peak gold rush, he also tried prospecting. In the end, he was not very successful in any of these ventures. In 1860, Cody was engage as a rider for the Pony Express when Russell, Majors, and Wadde ll, went into partnership and formed the Pony Express in order to advertise and obtain a contract for a central route for mail to the Pacific.Cody, already acquainted with the principals in this partnership, was hired as a rider. The Pony Express operated from April 3, 1860 to November 18, 1861. The venture operated at a loss and failed to bring the desired contract to Codys employers, whose partnership ended in bankruptcy. (Don Russell 1960) Williams pay back died on the 22nd of November 1863, and shortly after that, he enlisted in the 7th Kansas Cavalry at the age of 18, a decision that was apparently influenced by alcohol and his friends.During the Civil War Cody saw action in Tennessee, Mississippi, and Missouri. He served 19 months, including one year of active duty. He fought for two years against the Confederacy. In 1866 he married Louisa Frederici. after being discharged from the army he moved to Salt Creek Valley, Kansas where he soon started serving as a scout and hold. He also used his skills to provide ticker for the crews working on the stun. During this period he fought in as many as sixteen battles with native Australian Americans, and was hunting guide for the wealthy and famous visiting the West, including Grand Duke Alexis of Russia. (Shufelt, Catherine) Cody wedded Louisa Frederici on the 6th of run into 1866, after his army discharge, and he went to work as a scout at lace Ellsworth for a short time. An old acquaintance of his, James Butler Wild Bill Hickok, was also an employee at Fort Ellsworth at the time. Cody was later to be hired by the management of the Kansas Pacific Railroad in a contract in which he was to kill buffalo to supply food for the companys railroad track layers for eight months. This job is apparently where the nickname Buffalo Bill originated. A nickname that would later start out known around the whole world. As a scout for the United States Army, Cody distinguished himself, and was cute so highly in the army that public Phil Sheridan insisted on keeping Cody on the Armys payroll, even after the campaign ended. This was something unheard of for scouts in the army at that time, and it made it possible for scouts to become acknowledged, and also paved the way for the scout to become an established position in the Army, during the years of the Indian wars. In October 1868, General Sheridan made William Cody chief scout of the 5th Cavalry. As a national figure, Cody premier(prenominal) began to attract attention when a serial story about Buffalo Bill was published in a New York newspaper in 1869. Then he got the assignment to be a guide for a hunting trip embarked upon by the Grand Duke Alexis of Russia, in 1872.With the press following the Dukes every move, Cody stock a great deal more exposure. This experience was followed by his first trip to the eastern states. He attended a play about himself and was talked into taking part in the performance. Thus began a period of years when Cody alternated between scouting duties and theatrical tours. (Don Russell 1960) Buffalo Bill realized his ambition of hosting a big outdoor exhibition that contained buffaloes, horses and wagon trains in Nebraska, in 1882. The show consisted partly of theater and rodeo. on that point were also some circus displays, and the show proved to be altogether a successful one. After that, Cody devoted his life to this show for 30 years, and traveled across Europe, Canada and the United States on the show. He was received by European royalty, hailed as a hero, and given the Congressional Medal of value. He had diverse business interests, and founded the townspeople of Cody, Wyoming as a tourist attraction. (Catherine Shufelt) During the war, William Cody was awarded a Medal of Honor for action against Indians at the southwestern Fork of the Loup River in Nebraska, in 1872. He was later to play an important role in assisting General George Crooks campaign against the Sioux in 1876. In 1916, ho wever, his name was removed from the record of Medal of Honor recipients, because he we was a civilian, and thus, considered ineligible for the Medal of Honor award.Cody became interested in developing the Big honker Basin in Wyoming in the 1890s. The Cody Canal was built in 1895, as part of the Shoshone Land and Irrigation Project. The company laid out a townsite, first calling it Shoshone. With the Shoshoni Indian agency in the region this was jilted to avoid confusion. Therefore, in August, 1896 the Cody post office was established, with Buffalo Bills nephew, Ed Goodman, as postmaster. The piss project led to the building of the Shoshone Dam, which was completed in 1910. The dam was renamed Buffalo Bill Dam in 1946. Buffalo Bill was also instrumental in bringing a rail line to the town of Cody in 1901. (Don Russell 1960) William F. Cody (Buffalo Bill) died on the 10th of January 1917, in Denver, Colorado, and was buried on Lookout Mountain, which is west of Denver.ReferencesDo n Russell. The Lives and Legends of Buffalo Bill. University of Oklahoma Press, 1960.Shufelt, Catherine. WHO was BUFFALO BILL?Carter, Robert A. Buffalo Bill Cody The Man behind the Legend.William F. Buffalo Bill Cody. (Retrieved from http//wyoarchives.state.wy.us/articles/buffalob.htm)

Far from the madding crowd Essay Example for Free

Far from the madding crowd Es ordinateIn Far From the Madding Crowd, doubting Thomas Hardy examines different types of making love. Consider the relationships Bathsheba has with Gabriel, Boldwood and troy weight consider also troy weights relationship with nookie robin redbreast. What conclusions does Thomas Hardy wish us to draw nearly the nature of love? Support the points you consecrate with close reference to the text. You must also mention the social context of the novel and any applicable literary tradition. Bathsheba is a very vain cleaning woman who likes to think very highly of herself, in the first-class honours degree appearance she makes in the novel, she is admiring herself in the mirror. The last word in Chapter 1 is self-assertion. Hardy has established whatever of the features of two of the main characters and made us curious close this development of the relationship between oak and this vain but handsome(a) girl. Bathsheba was non a conventional w oman of her snip. She was an unusual for a woman of her time because she was very indep give upent. She also refused her first mutilateer of marriage although penniless and living with her aunt. Women at this time relied heavily on marriage. Women at that time often also married for security.Bathsheba is quite teasing with men, for example, when Gabriel oak holds her hand, she suggests besides I suppose you are thinking you would like to kiss it? You may if you want to. But when Gabriel says, I ordain. She instantly says, No you substance abuse This shows that she is teasing, and she can get some men crazy about her. Her relationship with Gabriel has its ups and downs. Gabriel cares for Bathsheba so much but as the novel goes on, Gabriel realizes that there is no chance that he will marry Bathsheba because two other obstructions are in the way, the similarly vain Sergeant troy and Mr.Boldwood. Bathshebas relationship with Mr. Boldwood is very awkward because, she unless sen t the valentine letter as a prank. It all started off when Liddy and Bathsheba were writing a Valentine letter to little Teddy Coggan. But Liddy suggests, What fun it would be to send it to the pudden-head old Boldwood, and how he would wonder Bathsheba does non agree to the idea at first and says, No, I wont do that. He wouldnt see any humour in it. She was right.But Boldwood takes it so seriously and becomes dead obsessed with her, My life is a burden without you, I want you I want you to let me say I love you again and again When Bathsheba tells him the truth about the Valentines card, Boldwood does not want to and cannot accept the even offt that it was a joke and a prank No, no, no. Dont say thoughtlessness Make me think it was something much that it was a sort of prophetic instinct the beginning of a feeling that you would like me. Then Troy comes into the novel.During that period of time, there were strict rules governing the etiquette of behaviour about men and women being alone in concert and they certainly would not publicly touch each other or their clothes. This makes their meeting highly irregular. Bathsheba would be particularly vulnerable in this situation. Troy is similarly vain and teasing like Bathsheba, this enchants her, Thank you for the fix of such a comely face He also often repeats the word, Beauty aimed obviously at Bathsheba. When they depart after their first encounter, she is very happy and feels flattered.She looks in the mirror (as usual) and repeats Troys words, Goodnight beauty Bathsheba is aware of her beauty, and she feels that if some handsome man in uniform compliments her on her looks, then that is very rewarding for her and it boosts her self-confidence. Also, Troys showmanship with his sword swept Bathsheba off her feet. Also, because Bathsheba would have been very nai ve and inexperienced in the ways of love, she found it very warm to resist Troy. Bathsheba and Troys relationship, was more of a sexual love than a real love She felt uneffective to withstand or deny him.He was altogether too much for her. Another sign of Bathshebas vanity was that, she only married Troy because he had said he saw a more beautiful woman. So, Bathsheba went all the way to Bath beneficial for Troy. But later on in the novel, Troy does not show that same feelings as when they first met. Instead, Troy becomes more involved into tush Robin and descent ever turning her down. The type of love Fanny Robin loves Troy with all her heart she even walks miles just for him. Many young women in the Victorian times would have eloped to marry soldiers.This was called Scarlet fever. This would be a disgrace to the girl and her family. Hardys aunt Martha was said to have eloped with a soldier When she asks Troy when they will be wed, Troy does not even understand what she is talking about. Fanny asks, When will it be? Troy then asks What? Then Fanny tries to remind Troy, That you promised. Troy again, forget ful, I dont quite recollect Then Fanny desperately says, O you do Dont speak like that. It weighs me to the earth. It makes me say what ought to be said first by you. Fanny wants to get desperately married, but Troy wants her mainly for sex and for more of a fooling relationship. Troy gets very angry and upset when he sees the coffin with Fanny Robin and the baby in it. Tragically, Fanny died of childbirth. The baby was still born. Many deaths occurred due to lack of technology including childbirth. He completely forgets about what he had with Bathsheba and thinks of what he could have had with Fanny. Troys reaction to her death and his disregard for Bathsheba shows he is the type of man who only wants what he cannot have.When Fanny was alive, Troy showed little interest in her predicament. I think that the message Thomas Hardy is trying to get out is that love can only be true, not just for jokes and pranks (the valentines letter. ) Love also has to have two people involved not li ke Fanny Robin and Troy at the start of the novel. In conclusion, Hardy ended the novel happily, because he knew that is what the readers wanted to read. The romance was printed into a monthly magazine and for a Victorian readership a happy end involved a marriage.Bathsheba was first attracted by Troys good looks and superficial charm and preferred these qualities to the more traditional ones of security and love offered by Oak and Boldwood. But when Fanny dies, Bathsheba finally realizes that Troys is actually a womanizer and he is disloyal. Hardy, himself did not rate marriage very highly as he had an unhappy marriage. So by the end of the novel, Bathsheba becomes more sensitive to others and realizes that she should have accepted Oaks initial proposal, rather than Troys, and that she would have been much happier with Oak.

Teacher Certification Essay Example for Free

Teacher Certification testifyThe whole issue of teacher franchise is one of great importance and when discussed must be through in a delicate and thoughtful manner. The reason for this increasing importance is because the pedagogics of our state of matters teachers is important to the mental home of an sentimentl fostering system, which is one of the goals of our national government and State governments. Over the years the whole nurtureal reform movement has become an increasingly hot topic. Reforms in the administration of school systems and in political platform theory and practice gestate been asked for and a4re currently organism put into effect. Recently, reform of the education of teachers is being added to the lo9ng heel of reforms needed. Many reform activists feel that direct changes need to be made on the methods of educational activity and certifying the teachers of our country. originally looking at the reform movement, however, one must first look at th e so called fuss of in conformity in teacher certification. In our country today there is a general consistency among the requirements for state certification of teachers. Most states require their teacher institutions to establish a teacher education weapons platform that includes coursework and fieldwork.The coursework includes those courses that prepare a student to become a concernal teacher and those classes that include major and pocketable fields of specialization. Fieldwork, which is probably the most important of the two forms of requirements, involves the individual interested in being a teacher outlet out and observing, practicing, and preparing to enter the educational world as an instructor. There is no descent that all schools in every state has these basic requirements of teacher certification.However, the inconsistency lies within how the numerous institutions go about in teaching these requirements. Each post-secondary school is given the jurisdiction to choo se how they are going to go about meeting these basic teacher certification requirements. For example, many states require a variant amount of field hours. An inconsistency bottom also be seen in the various mock ups of teacher education that are used throughout the nation. Two education researchers, Howey and Zimpher conducted a study on this variety of models in 1989. They came up with three different attempts of teacher training.The first, known as the teachers college model, involves certification students entering a conk out school within a university that is a teachers college. The second approach is called the liberal liberal arts model by the researchers, and is a method that requires and individual to become specialized in a certain liberal arts subject in order to create capable and cultured human beings. The third and final model discussed by Howley and Zimpher is entitled the competency-based model. This method trains individuals in the arts o motivation and chthoni cstanding.As one croupe see by this case study, there have been a variety of approaches to teacher certification. An inconsistency can similarly be detected by looking at the various new and innovative imaginations in teacher education. Among these include the alternative route, a topic discussed earlier, and the five-year degree course of study, and issue to be discussed shortly in this section. Altogether, one could state that there is some inconsistency in teacher certification, and this inconsistency brings about a small problem in the educational spectrum of our world. In my opinion, there is no national and universal cause of requirements for teacher certification.The variety of different methods and forms of teacher education weapons platforms is causing an inconsistency in how teachers are being trained nationwide. When this is realized, the whole issue of reforming teacher certification becomes very relevant to our society. As stated earlier, reforms in the training of future teachers are beginning to really be requested by the general public. discordant groups have met to discuss the various issues surrounding the reform movement. Among the most notable are the Holmes Group, the Association of American Colleges of Teacher Education (AACTE), the Education Commission of the States (ECS), and Goodlads group.These various groups and many others have come up with a variety of reforms and new standards that most resemblingly should and will be integrated into the current teacher certification requirements. One certain similarity that all of these recommendations have with each other is that they all call for higher(prenominal) regulations and an increase in the education of future teachers. Many of the group0s called for an increase in providing individuals knowledge on the profession of teachi8ng, and some groups also called for a to a greater extent intense training in the various fields under a liberal arts education.Increases in the amount of fi eldwork required seems to also be a major issue discussed by the reform groups. The issue of selection under standardized testing was also discussed, with mention to increasing the required SAT/ACT or GRE scores. Finally, the research groups came up with various new ideas involving the humankind of professional teaching schools or tiered systems that would require a teacher to go through more training even after they received their bachelors degree. All in all, these reform groups have come up with some very unique and interesting ideas to change teacher certification for the better.It is the best interest of our nation to make changes in our current teacher education program, for, in this case, change would be for the better. To conclude, I would like to take a brief but in depth look at an innovative idea established by the Maine State Department of Education in conjunction with the University of Southern Maine. This program, entitled the drawn-out Teacher Education Program, in volves future teachers continuing on for a fifth year after terminate their undergraduate studies. This fifth year involves the individual taking part in internships.These internships give the future teachers a chance at more fieldwork in order to gain more experiences before they become profuse fledged teachers. Nonetheless, the results of the initial year of the program seem to indicate that the idea around this new program is a successful one. Those individuals who took part in the program obtained various skills and understandings that all ideal teachers should have. The excellent outcomes of this program leads one to believe that it might be a good idea to implement this structure nationwide. The idea of creating professional schools for teachers has become a popular one in recent times.After all if doctors and lawyers have to go to a professional school, then shouldnt teachers as well? In conclusion, the issue of teacher training and certification brings up many questions, e specially in reference to reforming. The inconsistent and somewhat outdated education of teachers today needs change, in order to create an ideal educational system. Numerous reforms have been discussed and recommended by various research organizations and now is the time to take action and implement some of these reforms before our education systems continue to fall downwards into the depths of degradation. Change I needed and change must come now.